Contributors list

Australia: Danielle Cavanagh (Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority [ACARA]), Patrick Donaldson (Permanent Delegation of Australia to the OECD), Janet Davy (ACARA), Hilary Dixon (ACARA), Mark McAndrew (ACARA), Fiona Mueller (ACARA), Robert Randall (ACARA)

Belgium: Dominique Denis (Ministère de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Marie-Anne Persoons (Flemish Department of Education and Training), Kirsten Bulteen (Flemish Community of Belgium)

Canada: Council of Ministers of Education Canada - CMEC: Marianne Roaldi, Marie Macauley; Ontario: Richard Franz (formerly of the Ontario Ministry of Education), Angela Hinton (Ontario Ministry of Education), Cathy Montreuil (formerly of the Ontario Ministry of Education), Shirley Kendrick (formerly of the Ontario Ministry of Education), Safa Zaki (Ontario Ministry of Education), Lori Stryker (formerly of the Ontario Ministry of Education), Cresencia Fong (formerly of the Ontario Ministry of Education), Catherine Mahler (Ontario Ministry of Education); Québec: Geneviève LeBlanc (Ministère de l'Éducation); Manitoba: Carolee Buckler (Manitoba Education and Advanced Learning), Dallas Morrow (Manitoba Department of Education and Training); British Columbia: Keith Godin (Ministry of Education of British Columbia), Angie Calleberg (Ministry of Education of British Columbia), Nick Poeschek (Ministry of Education of British Columbia), Nancy Walt (Ministry of Education of British Columbia); Saskatchewan: Susan Nedelcov-Anderson (Ministry of Education of Saskatchewan)

Chile: Eliana Chamizo Álvarez (Ministry of Education), Francisca Müller (Permanent Delegation of Chile to the OECD), Ana Labra Welden (Ministry of Education), Alejandra Arratia Martínez (Ministry of Education), María Isabel Baeza Errázuriz (Ministry of Education), Ismini Sahli Anastassiou (Ministry of Education), María Soledad Seguel Bunster (Ministry of Education), María de los Ángeles Vial Cosmelli (Ministry of Education).

Czech Republic: Hana Novotná (Ministry of Education)

Denmark: Rasmus Biering-Sorensen (Danish Ministry of Education), Jens Rasmussen (Aarhus University), Christian Lamhauge Rasmussen (Danish Ministry of Education), Pernille Skou Bronner Andersen (Danish Ministry of Education)

Estonia: Heli Aru-Chabilan (Education and Youth Board), Imbi Henno (Ministry of Education and Research), Eve Kikas (Tallinn University), Maie Kitsing (Ministry of Education and Research), Pille Liblik (Ministry of Education and Research), Kärt-Katrin Pere (Education and Youth Board), Katrin Rein (Permanent Representation of Estonia to the OECD and UNESCO).

Finland: Aleksi Kalenius (Permanent Delegation of Finland to the OECD), Aki Tornberg (Ministry of Education and Culture), Anneli Rautiainen (Finnish National Agency for Education), Erja Vitikka (Finnish National Agency for Education)

France: Claudio Cimelli (Ministère de l'Education Nationale), Mireille Lamouroux (Ministère de l'Education Nationale), Pascale Montrol-Amouroux (Ministère de l'Education Nationale), Daniel Schlosser (Permanent Delegation of France to the OECD)

Germany: Jutta Illichmann (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung), Elfriede Ohrnberger (Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Bildung und Kultus, Wissenschaft und Kunst), Jens Fischer-Kottenstede (Hessisches Kultusministerium), Birgitta Ryberg (Secretariat of the Standing Conference of the Ministers of Education and Cultural Affairs of the Laender in the Federal Republic of Germany)

Greece: Katerina Zizel Kantali (Permanent Delegation of Greece to the OECD), Aikaterini Trimi Kyrou (Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs)

Hungary: Andras Hlacs (Permanent Delegation of Hungary to the OECD), László Limbacher (Ministry of Human Capacities), Nora Katona (Eszterházy Károly Egyetem O2030), Valéria Csépe (MTA RCNS Brain Imaging Centre & Eszterházy Károly Egyetem O2030)

Iceland: Ásgerdur Kjartansdóttir (Ministry of Education, Science and Culture), Óskar H. Níelsson (Ministry of Education, Science and Culture)

Ireland: Suzanne Dillon (Department of Education and Skills), Breda Naughton (Department of Education and Skills), Linda Neary (Department of Education and Skills), Orlaith O’Connor (Department of Education and Skills)

Israel: Sivan Kfir Katz (Permanent Delegation of Israel to the OECD), Meirav Zarviv (Israeli Ministry of Education)

Italy: Donatella Solda Kutzmann (Ministry of Education)

Japan: Jun Aoki (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [MEXT]), Kazuo Akiyama (MEXT), Hajime Furusaka (MEXT), Eri Hata (MEXT), Hiroshi Itakura (MEXT), Tetsuya Kashihara (Permanent Delegation of Japan to the OECD), Takashi Kiryu (MEXT), Hideaki Matsugi (MEXT), Yuiko Minami (MEXT), Shun Shirai (MEXT), Kan Hiroshi Suzuki (The University of Tokyo), Daiki Ujishi (MEXT)

Korea: Moonhee Kim (Deputy Minister, Planning and Coordination Office, Ministry of Education), Ji Yun Kim (Permanent Delegation of Korea to the OECD), Hyoung Kwon Ko (Permanent Delegation of the Republic of Korea to the OECD), Eun Young Kim (Korean Educational Development Institute), Su-Jin Choi (Korean Educational Development Institute), Sangeun Lee (Korean Educational Development Institute), Mee-Kyeong Lee (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation), Keun Ho Lee (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation), Inseon Choi (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation), Hwasoon Bae (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation), Kumbok Ryu (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation), Jong-Yun Kim (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation)

Latvia: Laura Treimane (Permanent Delegation of the Republic of Latvia to the OECD and UNESCO), Zane Olina (Competency Based Curriculum Project, National Centre for Education)

Lithuania: Irena Raudienė (Ministry of Education and Science)

Luxembourg: Luc Weis (Ministère de l'Éducation Nationale, de l'Enfance et de la Jeunesse)

Mexico: Blanca Villalón Lozano (Permanent Delegation of Mexico to the OECD), Camila Jensen Casco (Permanent Delegation of Mexico to the OECD), José Luis Gutiérrez Espíndola (Secretaría de Educación Pública)

Netherlands Jeroen Postma (Ministry of Education, Culture and Science), Marc van Zanten (Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development SLO), Tessa van Dorp (Ministry of Education, Culture and Science), Daniëlle Ooteman (Ministry of Education, Culture and Science), Rien Rouw (Ministry of Education, Culture and Science)

New Zealand: Pauline Cleaver (Ministry of Education)

Norway: Elisabeth Buk-Berge (Ministry of Education and Research), Reidunn Aarre Matthiessen (Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training), Bente Heian (Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training), Siv Hilde Lindstrøm (Permanent Delegation of Norway to the OECD and UNESCO)

Poland: Rafal Lew-Starowicz (Ministry of National Education), Danuta Pusek (Ministry of National Education), Witold Zakrzewski (Ministry of National Education)

Portugal: Eulália Alexandre (Ministry of Education), Duarte Bué Alves (Permanent Delegation of Portugal to the OECD), Alexandre Amorim (Permanent Delegation of Portugal to the OECD), João Costa (Ministry of Education), Ines Gonçalves (Permanent Delegation of Portugal to the OECD), Elma Pereira (Permanent Delegation of Portugal to the OECD), Luisa Ucha-Silva (Ministry of Education)

Spain: Carmen Tovar Sánchez (Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport), Jaime Vaquero (Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport), María Saladich (Délégations Permanentes de l'Espagne auprès de l'OCDE, l'UNESCO et le Conseil de l'Europe)

Sweden: Anna Westerholm (Swedish National Agency for Education), Katalin Bellaagh (Swedish National Agency for Education), Johan Börjesson (Swedish National Agency for Education), Ann-Christin Hartman (Swedish National Agency for Education), Helena Karis (Swedish National Agency for Education), Jenny Lindblom (Swedish National Agency for Education)

United Kingdom, Scotland: Joan Mackay (Education Scotland), Elaine Kelley (Scottish Government), Judith Tracey (Scottish Government), Kit Wyeth (Scottish Government), Jonathan Wright (Scottish Government); Wales: Steve Davies (Education and Public Service Group), Kevin Mark Palmer (Education Achievement Service for South East Wales), Debbie Lewis (Central South Consortium, Wales), Ruth Thackray (GwE Representing Welsh Government)

United States: Mary Coleman (U.S. Department of Education)

Argentina: Inés Cruzalegui (Ministerio de Educación Nacional), Mercedes Miguel (Ministerio de Educación Nacional)

China (People’s Republic of): Huisheng Tian (National Center for School Curriculum and Textbook Development, Ministry of Education of China), Shanshan Wang (National Center for School Curriculum and Textbook Development, Ministry of Education of China)

Costa Rica: Alicia Vargas (Ministerio de Educación Pública), Rosa Carranza (Ministerio de Educación Pública)

Hong Kong (China): Vincent Siu-chuen Chan (Education Bureau), Chi-kong Chau (Education Bureau), Ashley Pak-wai Leung (Education Bureau), Winnie Wing-man Leung (Education Bureau), Annie Hing-yee Wong (Education Bureau)

Indonesia: Taufik Hanafi (Ministry of Education and Culture)

Kazakhstan: Zhanar Abdildina (Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools AEO), Dina Shaikhina (Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools AEO)

Lebanon: Rana Abdallah (Center for Educational Research and Development)

Russian Federation: Kirill Bykov (Ambassade de Russie en France), Ilya Denisenko (Federal Institute for Evaluation of Education Quality), Evgeniy Noskov (Moscow Centre for Quality of Education), Sergey Stanchenko (Federal Institute for Evaluation of Education Quality), Elena Zozulya (Moscow Centre for Quality of Education).

Saudi Arabia: Nayyaf Aljabri (Ministry of Education), Lama Al-Qarawi (Ministry of Education), Meetb Al-Humaidan (Ministry of Education), Abdulrahman Alsayari (Ministry of Education), Hissah Bin-Zuayer (Ministry of Education)

Singapore: Oon Seng Tan (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University), Low Ee Ling (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University), Lim Kek Joo (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University)

Slovenia: Ksenija Bregar-Golobic (Ministry of Education, Science and Sport)

South Africa: Suren P Govender (Ministry of Education) and Hleki Mabunda (Ministry of Education)

United Arab Emirates: Tareq Mana S. Al Otaiba (Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Court)

Viet Nam: Tran Cong Phong (Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences), Do Duc Lan (Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences), Anh Nguyen Ngoc (Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences), Luong Viet Thai (Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences), Le Anh Vinh (Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences)

Australia: Hilary Dixon (Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority [ACARA]), Robert Randall (ACARA)

Argentina: Mercedes Miguel (Ministerio de Educación Nacional)

Canada, British Columbia: Angie Calleberg (British Columbia, Ministry of Education), Nick Poeschek (British Columbia, Ministry of Education) and Nancy Walt (British Columbia, Ministry of Education); Ontario: Martyn Beckett (formerly of the Ontario Ministry of Education), Shirley Kendrick (formerly of the Ontario Ministry of Education), Cathy Montreuil (formerly of the Ontario Ministry of Education), Yael Ginsler (Ontario Ministry of Education); Québec: Geneviève LeBlanc (Ministère de l'Éducation)

Chile: María Jesús Honorato (Ministry of Education) and Ruth Cortez (Ministry of Education)

China (People’s Republic of): Huisheng Tian (National Center for School Curriculum and Textbook Development, Ministry of Education of China), Shanshan Wang (National Center for School Curriculum and Textbook Development, Ministry of Education of China)

Costa Rica: Rosa Carranza (Ministerio de Educación Pública), Alicia Vargas (Ministerio de Educación Pública)

Czech Republic: Hana Novotná (Czech School Inspectorate)

Denmark: Christian Rasmussen (Ministry of Education), Pernille Skou Brønner Andersen (Ministry of Education)

Estonia: Pille Liblik (Ministry of Education and Research), Imbi Henno (Ministry of Education and Research)

Finland: Aki Tornberg (Ministry of Education and Culture), Erja Vitikka (Finnish National Agency for Education)

Hong Kong (China): Ashley Pak-wai Leung (Education Bureau), Winnie Wing-man Leung (Education Bureau)

Hungary: Valéria Csépe (Eszterházy Károly University), Nora Katona (Eszterházy Károly University)

Ireland: Linda Neary (Department of Education and Skills)

Japan: Takanori Bando (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology [MEXT]), Hiroshi Itakura (MEXT), Yoichi Kiyohara (MEXT), Shun Shirai (MEXT), Aya Yamamoto (MEXT)

Kazakhstan: Zhanar Abdildina (Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools AEO), Dina Shaikhina (Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools AEO)

Korea: Eun Young Kim (Korean Educational Development Institute), Mee-Kyeong Lee (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation)

Mexico: Elisa Bonilla Rius (Secretaría de Educación Pública)

Netherlands: Jeanne van Loon (Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science)

New Zealand: Pauline Cleaver (Ministry of Education)

Norway: Elisabeth Buk-Berge (Ministry of Education and Research), Bente Heian (Norwegian Directorate for Education and Training)

Poland: Danuta Pusek (Ministry of National Education)

Portugal: Eulália Alexandre (Ministry of Education)

Russian Federation: Maria Dobryakova (National Research University Higher School of Economics), Tatiana Meshkova (National Research University Higher School of Economics), Elena Sabelnikova (National Research University Higher School of Economics)

Singapore: Low Ee Ling (National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University)

South Africa: Cheryl Weston (Department of Basic Education), Siyalo Qanya (Department of Basic Education), Keitumetse Modiba (Department of Basic Education)

Sweden: Johan Börjesson (Swedish National Agency for Education)

United Kingdom, Scotland: Jonathan Wright (Education Analysis); Wales: Rhiannon Davies (Education and Public Services Group)

Viet Nam: Luong Viet Thai (Vietnam Institute of Education Sciences)

Brazil: Claudia Costin (Center for Innovation and Excellence in Educational Policies), Allan Michel Jales Coutinho (Center for Innovation and Excellence in Educational Policies)

India: Monal Jayaram Poduval (Piramal Foundation for Education Leadership), Lopa Gandhi (Gandhi Fellowship), Shrestha Ganguly (Piramal Foundation for Education Leadership), Shobhana Panikar (Kaivalya Education Foundation)

United Kingdom, Northern Ireland: Carmel Gallagher (International Bureau for Education)

United States: William Schmidt (Michigan State University), Leland Cogan (Michigan State University), Jennifer Cady (Michigan State University)

Members of the OECD’s Education Policy Committee and education counsellors also provided valuable contributions by making relevant interventions during the discussions at the Committee meetings and/or by reviewing the draft report prior to publication.

Carolina Belalcazar (Independent Researcher, France), Marius R. Busemeyer (University of Konstanz, Germany), Irmeli Halinen (Metodix Oy (Ltd), Finland), Phil Lambert (Phil Lambert Consulting, Australia), Rose Luckin (University College London, United Kingdom), Nienke Nieveen (Eindhoven University of Technology & Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development, Netherlands), Claire Sinnema (University of Auckland, New Zealand), Annette Thijis (Netherlands Institute for Curriculum Development, Netherlands), Joke Voogt (University of Amsterdam and Windesheim University, Netherlands), Liat Zwirn (Concept, Israel)

Maxime Zwartjes

Andreas Schleicher (Director for Education and Skills), Dirk Van Damme (Senior Counsellor), Yuri Belfali (Head of Division)

Miho Taguma (Project Manager, Senior Analyst), Esther Carvalhaes (Analyst), Meritxell Fernández Barrera (Analyst), Fumitaka Suzuki (Analyst), Kevin Gillespie (Assistant), Kelly Makowiecki (Consultant), Susan Copeland (Editor), Misha Pinkhasov (Editor), Sophie Limoges (Design), Della Shin (Design)

Alena Frid (Analyst), Lauren Kavanagh (Analyst), Natalie Laechelt (Analyst), Nathan Roberson (Analyst), Soumaya Maghnouj (Analyst), Makito Yurita (Analyst), Kristina Sonmark (Analyst), Eva Feron (Analyst), Shun Shirai (Analyst), Masafumi Ishikawa (Analyst), Manon Costinot (Statistician), Sara Anderson (Thomas J. Alexander Fellow), Joaquin Carceles Martinez (Consultant), Connie Chung (Consultant), Alison Burke (Consultant), Najung Kim (Consultant), Meow Hwee Lim (Consultant), Yubai Wu (Consultant), Leslie Greenhow (Assistant), Carrie Richardson (Assistant), Hanna Varkki (Assistant), Misuk Kim (Secondee), Yeasong Kim (Intern)

Tadahiko Abiko (Professor Emeritus, Nagoya University), Kiyomi Akita (Professor, Faculty of Letters, Gakushuin University, and Visiting Professor, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo), Mathias Bouckaert (Analyst, OECD), Tracey Burns (Senior Analyst, OECD), Lucie Cerna (Analyst, OECD), Christopher Dede (Timothy E. Wirth Professor in Learning Technologies, Harvard Graduate School of Education), Marc Fuster Rabella (Analyst, OECD), Francesca Gottschalk (Consultant, OECD), Phil Lambert (Phil Lambert Consulting, Australia), Janet Looney (European Institute of Education and Social Policy – EIESP), Lynn Paine (Associate Dean and Professor, Teacher Education, Michigan State University), Mario Piacentini (Analyst, OECD), Beatriz Pont (Senior Analyst, OECD), Reyer Der Van Vlies (Analyst, OECD), Romane Viennet (Consultant, OECD), Stephan Vincent-Lancrin (Senior Analyst, OECD), Joke Voogt (Professor, University of Amsterdam)

Metadata, Legal and Rights

This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Extracts from publications may be subject to additional disclaimers, which are set out in the complete version of the publication, available at the link provided.

© OECD 2021

The use of this work, whether digital or print, is governed by the Terms and Conditions to be found at https://www.oecd.org/termsandconditions.