Abbreviations and acronyms

AI

Artificial Intelligence

ATMS

Automatic Traffic Management System

BSP

Bulk Supply Point

DBE

Design Basis Earthquake

DFIs

Development Finance Institutions

DKI Jakarta

Provincial Government of the Special Capital Region of Jakarta

DPS

Disaster Prevention System

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency

EU

European Union

EWS

Early Warning Systems

GIS

Geographic Information Systems

GRIDCo

Ghana Grid Company

HFL

High Flood Level

ICT

Information and Communication Technology

IDB

Inter-American Development Bank

IoT

Internet of Things

JICA

Japanese Development Cooperation Agency

LAC

Latin America and the Caribbean

LDCs

Least Developed Countries

MDBs

Multilateral Development Banks

MFDA

Metro Flood Diversion Authority

MHEWS

Multi-Hazard Early Warning System

ML

Machine Learning

MLIT

Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism

MMS

Mobile Mapping System

MRT

Mass Rapid Transport

MVA

Mega Volt Amp

NBS

Nature-Based Solution

NDBs

National Development Banks

NGOs

Non-Governmental Organisations

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PABs

Private Activity Bonds

PPA

Project Partnership Agreement

PPPs

Public-Private Partnerships

RAMP

Road Asset Management Platform

RPM

Regular Preventive Maintenance

RRIF

Railroad Rehabilitation and Improvement Financing

RRVA

Red River Valley Alliance

SADC

South African Development Community

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

SIDS

Small Island Developing States

TOD

Transit Oriented Development

UF

Functional Unit

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNDRR

United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction

USACE

United States Army Corps of Engineers

USDOT

US Department of Transportation