Abbreviations and acronyms

ABS

Anti-lock braking system

AE

Academic entrepreneurship

AFAM

Alta Formazione Artistica Musicale e Coreutica, Institutes for Art, Music and Dance

AgID

Agenzia per l’Italia Digitale, Agency for Digital Italy

AI

Artificial Intelligence

AISA

Italian Association for the Promotion of Open Science

AMT

Automated mechanical transmission

ANVUR

National Agency for the Evaluation of University and Research

API

Application programming interface

ATT

Open Science and Research Initiative

AVA

Autovalutazione – Valutazione periodica – Accreditamento, National System of Quality Assurance of the Universities

AvH

Alexander von Humboldt German Academic Exchange Service

B2B

Business-to-business

BERD

Business expenditure on R&D

BMBF

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

BMVIT

Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology

CAP

Centro per l’Apprendimento Permanente, Centre for Lifelong Learning

CEFRL

Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

CEO

Chief executive officer

CFU

Credito Formativo Universitario, European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System

CIFRE

Conventions industrielles de formation par la recherche

CIMEA

Italian NARIC Centre

CIMO

Finnish Centre for International Mobility

CIPE

Inter-ministerial Committee for Economic Planning

CNR

National Research Council

CNSU

National Council of University Students

COMET

Competency Centres for Excellent Technologies

CPD

Continuing professional development

CREA

Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Activities

CRUI

Conference of Italian University Rectors

CSTD

Standard cost per student

CTN

National technological cluster

CUN

National University Council

DAAD

German Academic Exchange Service

DB

Data base

DFG

German Council of Science and Humanities

DIH

Digital Innovation Hub

EAIE

European Association for International Education

ECA

European Consortium for Accreditation

ECTS

European Credit Transfer Scale

EFSA

European Food Safety Authority

EI

Engagement and impact assessment

EOS

Emerging organisation

ERA

European research area

ERC

European Research Council

ERDF

European Fund for Regional Development

ESFRI

European Strategy Forum for Research Infrastructures

ESIF

European Structural and Investment Funds

EU

European Union

FFG

Austrian Research Promotion Agency

FFO

Fund for Structural Resources to State Universities

FIRST

Fund for Investments in Scientific and Technological Research

FIS

State Supplementary Fund

FOE

Fund for the Ordinary Financing of Research Entities and Institutions

FWF

Austrian Fund for Scientific Research

GDP

Gross domestic product

HE

Higher education

HE-BCI

Higher Education Business and Community Interaction

HEFCE

Higher Education Funding Council for England

HEI

Higher education institution

HEIF

Higher Education Innovation Fund

HERD

Higher education expenditure on intramural R&D

HRK

German Rectors Conference

IAU

International Association of Universities

ICT

Information and communication technology

IDOA

Immediate-deposit and optional-access

ILO

Industrial liaison office

IoT

Internet of Things

IP

Intellectual property

IPR

Intellectual property rights

IRIS

Institutional Research Information System

ISCED

International Standard Classification of Education

ISPD

Standardised Indicator of Departmental Performance

ISPIM

International Society for Professional Innovation Management

IT

Information technology

ITS

Istituti Tecnici Superiori, Technical Institutes for Post-secondary Education

IUSS

Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori di Pavia, University Institute of Advanced Studies, Pavia

KEF

Knowledge exchange framework

KET

Key enabling technology

M2M

Machine-to-machine

MAE

Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, of Italy

MiSE

Ministry for Economic Development

MIUR

Ministry of Education, University and Research

MOOC

Massive open online course

MOU

Memorandum of understanding

NEET

Not in education or training

NGO

Non-governmental organisation

NVAO

Dutch-Flemish Accreditation Organisation

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PA

Public Administration

PBL

Problem-based learning

PDO

Protected designation of origin

PGI

Protected geographical indication

PLN

Policy learning network

PLS

Piano Lauree Scientifiche, Plan for Scientific Degrees

PMR

Product market regulation

PNI

Premio Nazionale Innovazione

PNIR

National Plan for Research Infrastructures

PNR

National Research Plan

PoliMi

Politecnico di Milano

POT

Piano Orientamento e Tutoraggio, Plan for Tutoring and Career Guidance

PRIN

Research Projects of National Interest Scheme

QA

Quality assessment

R&D

Research and development

RCN

Research Council Norway

RUS

University Network for Sustainable Development

SCL

Santa Chiara Lab

SDG

United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

SIF

Italian Society of Pharmacology

SME

Small- and medium-sized enterprise

SNF

Swiss National Science Foundation

STEM

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics

TACRI

Tavolo di Coordinamento Della Ricerca Indistriale di Ateneo

TECO

Test sulle Competenze, Competence test

TECON

Test sulle Competenze, Competence test

TKI

Top consortia for knowledge and innovation

TM

Third mission

TRL

Technology readiness levels

TSG

Traditional specialities guaranteed

TTO

Technology transfer office

TUAS

Tampere University of Applied Sciences

TUT

Technical University Tampere

UAS

University of Applied Sciences

UniBa

University of Bari

UniBo

University of Bologna

UniCa

University of Cagliari

UTA

University of Tampere

VET

Vocational education and training

VQR

National Research Quality Assessment

VQR

Valutazione della Qualità della Ricerca, Periodical Evaluation of Research Quality

WoX

Web of Topics