Annex A. Statistical methodology

This annex presents the statistical approach used to estimate and analyse financial flows to, and from, the multilateral development system.

Scope of multilateral inflows and outflows

The analyses in Chapter 3 focus on funding to the multilateral development system (inflows). This includes core contributions to multilateral organisations (multilateral ODA) and bilateral aid earmarked through multilateral organisations (multi-bi aid). Chapter 4 focuses on financing from the multilateral system (outflows). This includes multilateral outflows and bilateral aid earmarked through multilateral organisations (multi-bi aid). Unless specified otherwise, EU institutions are considered as multilateral organisations in the analyses.

Clustering of sectors

The analyses in this report refer to seven sector clusters, based on OECD Creditor Reporting System purpose codes:

1. 1. Governance: governance and civil society (150), general support (510);

2. 2. Humanitarian: emergency response (720), reconstruction relief and rehabilitation (730), disaster prevention and preparedness (740);

3. 3. Infrastructure: water (140), transport (120), communications (220), energy (230);

4. 4. Multisector: general environment protection (410), other multisector excl. rural development (430);

5. 5. Production: banking and financial services (240), business and other services (250), agriculture, forestry, fishing (310), industry, mining and construction (320), trade policy and regulations (331), tourism (332), other multisector – only rural development (43040);

6. 6. Social: education (110), health (120), population policies and reproductive health (130), other social infrastructure and services (160);

7. 7. Other: developmental food aid (520), other commodity assistance (530), action related to debt (600), administrative costs of donors (9100, refugees in donor countries (930), unspecified (998).

Clustering of multilateral organisations

For analytical purposes, the report clusters multilateral organisations into six categories: UN Funds & Programmes, other UN entities, World Bank Group, other MDBs, vertical funds and other multilateral organisations.

In Chapter 3 (inflows), the six categories are based on OECD Creditor Reporting System (CRS) channel codes:

1. 1. UN Funds & Programmes: channel codes 41114, 41116, 41119, 41120, 41122, and 41140 ;

2. 2. Other UN: all organisations listed under parent channel code 41000 with the exception of the UN Funds & Programmes listed above;

3. 3. World Bank Group: all organisations listed under parent channel code 44000;

4. 4. Other MDBs : all organisations listed under parent channel code 46000;

5. 5. Vertical funds: channel codes 47111, 47122, 47129, 47130, 47044, 47045, 47136, 47501, 47502, 41317, and 47107.

6. 6. Other: all other channel codes.

In Chapter 4 (outflows), the six categories are based on a combination of OECD Creditor Reporting System donor codes and channel codes.

1. 1. World Bank Group: donor codes 901, 902, 903, 905, and all organisations listed under parent channel code 44000;

2. 2. Other MDBs: donor codes 906, 909, 913, 914, 915, 953, 976, 981, 990, 1013, 1015, 1019, 1024, 1037, and all organisations listed under parent channel code 46000;

3. 3. UN Funds and Programmes: donor codes 807, 974, 959, 963, 966, and channel codes 41114, 41116, 41119, 41120, 41122, and 41140 ;

4. 4. Other UN: 923, 932, 940, 944, 948, 960, 964, 967, 971, 992, 1020, 1023, 1038, and all organisations listed under parent channel code 41000 with the exception of the UN Funds & Programmes listed above;

5. 5. Vertical funds: donor codes 811, 997, 1011, 1012, 1016, 1311, 1312, 1313, and channel codes 47111, 47122, 47129, 47130, 47044, 47045, 47136, 47501, 47502, 41317, and 47107.

6. 6. Other: all other donors and channels.

In some cases, the World Bank Group and the other MDBs are presented in the same category. The same applies to UN Funds & Programmes and other UN entities, which are sometimes presented under a broader UN category.

Calculation of multilateral financing to global and regional public goods

Two types of analyses of multilateral financing to global and regional public goods are presented in Chapter 4.

The first analysis, used in Figures 3.7 and 3.8, distinguishes between global and regional public goods, and includes both multilateral outflows and financing earmarked through multilateral organisations. This analysis is based on OECD Creditor Reporting System data, and uses the following purpose codes to estimate financing in support of global and regional public goods:

1. 1. Global public goods:

   1. a. Health: infectious disease control (12250), STD control, incl. AIDS (13040), tuberculosis control (12263), COVID-19 control (12264), medical research (12182), health statistics and data (12196);

   2. b. Environment: environmental research (41082), energy generation/renewable sources (all codes under 232), energy research (23081), forestry development (31220), fishing policy and administrative management (31310), fishery development (31320), environmental policy and administrative management (41010), biosphere protection (41020), biodiversity (41030), site preservation (41040);

   3. c. Financial stability: macroeconomic policy (15142), financial policy and administrative management (24010), monetary institutions (24020), actions relating to debt (all codes under 600).

2. 2. Regional public goods:

   1. a. Health: health policy and administrative management (12110), medical education/training (12181), medical services (12191), health education (12261), health personnel development (12281);

   2. b. Environment: water sector policy and administrative management (14010), water resources conservation (14015), water supply and sanitation – large systems (14020), water supply – large systems (14021), sanitation – large systems (14022), river basins development (14040), waste management/disposal (14050), education and training in water supply and sanitation 914081), environmental education/training (41081).

The second analysis, used in Figure 3.9, focuses on eight categories of global and regional public goods, and is based on a combination of TOSSD statistics and OECD Creditor Reporting System data.

For multilateral organisations that report to TOSSD, the following methodology is used to estimate financing in support of the eight categories of global and regional public goods (based on TOSSD statistics):

1. 1. International peace and security: purpose codes 15230, 43050, 31165, 16063, 1513010, 15210, 15220, and 1520010;

2. 2. Infectious disease control: purpose codes 12250, 12262, 12263, 12264, and 13040;

3. 3. Food security: purpose codes 43071, 43072, 52010, and 72040;

4. 4. Climate mitigation: purpose codes under 232 and purpose code 23183;

5. 5. Climate adaptation: keyword “adaptation”;

6. 6. Biodiversity: purpose code 41030 and keyword “biodiversity”;

7. 7. Other environment: purpose codes under 410, excluding climate mitigation, adaptation and biodiversity keywords;

8. 8. Access to technology/digitalisation: purpose codes 22010, 22020, and 22040.

For multilateral organisations that do not report to TOSSD, the following methodology is used to estimate financing in support of global and regional public goods (based on OECD Creditor Reporting System data):

1. 1. International peace and security: purpose codes 15230, 43050, 31165, 16063, 15210, and 15220;

2. 2. Infectious disease control: purpose codes 12250, 12262, 12263, 12264, and 13040;

3. 3. Food security: purpose codes 43071, 43072, 52010, and 72040 and “nutrition” marker;

4. 4. Climate mitigation: purpose codes under 232 and purpose code 23183;

5. 5. Climate adaptation: “adaptation” marker;

6. 6. Biodiversity: purpose code 41030 and “biodiversity” marker;

7. 7. Other environment: purpose codes under 410 and “desertification” marker, excluding “climate mitigation”, “adaptation” and “biodiversity”;

8. 8. Access to technology/digitalisation: purpose codes 22010, 22020, and 22040.