Abbreviations and acronyms

BD4

OECD Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment, fourth edition

BPM6

IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, sixth edition

COTIF

Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail

COVID-19

Coronavirus Disease 2019

CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility

DIMECC

Digital, Internet, Materials and Engineering Co-Creation

DPO

Designated Postal Operator

DR

Domestic Regulation

EATR

Effective Average Tax Rate

EEA

European Economic Area

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EK

Confederation of Finnish Industries (Elinkeinoelämän Keskusliitto)

ELY Centre

Centre for Economic Development, Transport and the Environment (Elinkeino-, liikenne- ja ympäristökeskus)

EMTR

Effective Marginal Tax Rate

EU

European Union

EURES

European Employment Services

Eurostat

Statistical Office of the European Communities

FATS

Foreign Affiliates Statistics

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

FDI RRI

FDI Regulatory Restrictiveness Index

GATS

General Agreement on Trade in Services

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation

GPA

Government Procurement Agreement

GVC

Global Value Chain

IMF

International Monetary Fund

ICT

Information and Communications Technology

IPR

Intellectual Property Rights

IT

Information Technology

LMT

Labour Market Test

LPI

Logistics Performance Index

M&A

Mergers and Acquisitions

MA&NT

Market Access and National Treatment

Migri

Finnish Immigration Service

MNE

Multinational Enterprise

NACE

Statistical Classification of Economic Activities (Nomenclature générale des Activités économiques dans les Communautés Européennes)

NAO

National Audit Office of Finland

NIS

Norwegian International Ship Register

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PMR

Product Market Regulation

PPML

Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood

PRH

Finnish Patent and Registration Office (Patentti- ja rekisterihallitus)

PTA

Preferential Trade Agreement

P-TECH

Pathways in Technology Early College High School

R&D

Research and Development

RBC

Responsible Business Conduct

RIA

Regulatory Impact Assessment

SME

Small and Medium-sized Enterprise

SMGS

Agreement on the International Goods Transport by Rail

SPE

Special Purpose Entity

STRI

Services Trade Restrictiveness Index

Traficom

Finnish Transport and Communications Agency

TE Office

Employment and Economic Development Office (TE-palvelut)

TEC

Trade by Enterprise Characteristics

TiVA

Trade in Value-Added

TRIPS

Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

UIC

Ultimate Investing Country

UK

United Kingdom

UN

United Nations

US

United States

VAT

Value-Added Tax

VULA

Virtual Unbundled Local Access

WB

World Bank

WEF

World Economic Forum

WTO

World Trade Organisation