Abbreviations and acronyms

AIFC

Astana International Financial Centre

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

DAMU

Entrepreneurship Development Fund

DigitEL

Digital Era Lifestyle programme

EBRD

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ECP

Eurasia Competitiveness Program

ERI

Economic Research Institute

European Union

FDI

Foreign direct investment

GDP

Gross domestic product

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation

GNI

Gross national income

GVC

Global value chain

ICT

Information and communication technology

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IPR

Intellectual property rights

Information technology

ITC

International Trade Centre

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

KPI

Key performance indicator

KZT

Kazakh tenge (currency)

MDDIAI

Ministry of Digital Development, Innovation and Aerospace Industry

NDS

National digital strategy

NSO

National statistical office

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PPD

Public-private dialogue

PPP

Purchasing power parity

PPPs

Public-private partnerships

SME

Small and medium sized enterprise

SOE

State-owned enterprise

UNDP

United Nations Development Program

USD

US dollar (currency)

VAT

Value added tax

Working Group

WTO

World Trade Organisation

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