Monaco
Overall findings
Monaco’s legal framework implementing the AEOI Standard is in place but needs improvement in order to be fully consistent with the requirements of the AEOI Terms of Reference. While Monaco’s international legal framework to exchange the information with all of Monaco’s Interested Appropriate Partners (CR2) is consistent with the requirements, its domestic legislative framework requiring Reporting Financial Institutions to conduct the due diligence and reporting procedures (CR1) has a deficiency significant to the proper functioning of an element of the AEOI Standard. More specifically, the rules in Monaco’s legislative framework to prevent persons or intermediaries from adopting practices intended to circumvent the reporting and due diligence procedures are insufficient in scope.
The methodology used for the peer reviews and that therefore underpins this report is outlined in Chapter 2.
Overall determination on the legal framework: In Place But Needs Improvement
Conclusions on the legal framework
General context
Monaco commenced exchanges under the AEOI Standard in 2018.
In order to provide for Reporting Financial Institutions to collect and report the information to be exchanged, Monaco:
enacted Ordonnance souveraine n°6.208, Loi n°1.444 portant diverses mesures en matière de protection des informations nominatives et de confidentialité dans le cadre de l’échange automatique de renseignements en matière fiscale;
introduced Loi n°1.445 portant diverses mesures relatives à la prescription et aux sanctions pénales applicables en matière d’échange automatique de renseignements en matière fiscale; and
Under this framework Reporting Financial Institutions were required to commence the due diligence procedures in relation to New Accounts from 1 January 2017. With respect to Preexisting Accounts, Reporting Financial Institutions were required to complete the due diligence procedures on High Value Individual Accounts by 31 December 2017 and on Lower Value Individual Accounts and Entity Accounts by 31 December 2018.
With respect to the exchange of information under the AEOI Standard, Monaco:
Detailed findings
The detailed findings for Monaco are below, organised per Core Requirement (CR) and sub-requirement (SR), as extracted from the AEOI Terms of Reference (www.oecd.org/tax/transparency/documents/aeoi-terms-of-reference.pdf).
CR1 Domestic legal framework: Jurisdictions should have a domestic legislative framework in place that requires all Reporting Financial Institutions to conduct the due diligence and reporting procedures in the CRS, and that provides for the effective implementation of the CRS as set out therein.
Determination: In Place But Needs Improvement
Monaco’s domestic legislative framework is in place and contains most of the key aspects of the CRS and its Commentary requiring Reporting Financial Institutions to conduct the due diligence and reporting procedures, but it needs improvement in one area relating to the framework to enforce the requirements (SR 1.4). More specifically, the rules in Monaco’s legislative framework to prevent persons or intermediaries from adopting practices intended to circumvent the reporting and due diligence procedures are insufficient in scope as they do not cover all relevant persons and circumstances.
SR 1.1 Jurisdictions should define the scope of Reporting Financial Institutions consistently with the CRS.
Monaco has defined the scope of Reporting Financial Institutions in its domestic legislative framework in accordance with the CRS and its Commentary.
SR 1.2 Jurisdictions should define the scope of Financial Accounts and Reportable Accounts consistently with the CRS and incorporate the due diligence procedures to identify them.
Monaco has defined the scope of the Financial Accounts that are required to be reported in its domestic legislative framework and incorporated the due diligence procedures that must be applied to identify them in accordance with the CRS and its Commentary.
SR 1.3 Jurisdictions should incorporate the reporting requirements contained in Section I of the CRS into their domestic legislative framework.
Monaco has incorporated the reporting requirements in its domestic legislative framework in accordance with the CRS and its Commentary.
SR 1.4 Jurisdictions should have a legislative framework in place that allows for the enforcement of the requirements of the CRS in practice.
Monaco has a legislative framework in place to enforce the requirements in a manner that is largely consistent with the CRS and its Commentary. However, a deficiency has been identified. More specifically, Monaco’s legislative framework does not include rules to prevent all relevant persons (including Reporting Financial Institutions, other persons and intermediaries) from adopting any practices intended to circumvent the reporting and due diligence procedures as required. This is a key element of the required enforcement framework and is therefore material to the proper functioning of the AEOI Standard.
Monaco should amend its domestic legislative framework to include rules to prevent all Financial Institutions, persons and intermediaries from adopting practices intended to circumvent the due diligence and reporting procedures, rather than just Reporting Financial Institutions involved in a transaction or arrangement with the purpose of causing an account not to be a Reportable Account.
CR2 International legal framework: Jurisdictions should have exchange relationships in effect with all Interested Appropriate Partners as committed to and that provide for the exchange of information in accordance with the Model CAA.
Monaco’s international legal framework to exchange the information is in place, is consistent with the Model CAA and its Commentary and provides for exchange with all of Monaco’s Interested Appropriate Partners (i.e. all jurisdictions that are interested in receiving information from Monaco and that meet the required standard in relation to confidentiality and data safeguards). (SRs 2.1 – 2.3)
SR 2.1 Jurisdictions should have exchange agreements in effect with all Interested Appropriate Partners that permit the automatic exchange of CRS information.
Monaco has exchange agreements that permit the automatic exchange of CRS information in effect with all its Interested Appropriate Partners.
SR 2.2 Such an exchange agreement should be put in place without undue delay, following the receipt of an expression of interest from an Interested Appropriate Partner.
Monaco put in place its exchange agreements without undue delay.
SR 2.3 Jurisdictions should ensure that the exchange agreements in effect provide for the exchange of information in accordance with the requirements of the Model CAA.
Monaco’s exchange agreements provide for the exchange of information in accordance with the requirements of the Model CAA.