Abbreviations and acronyms

AIFC

Astana International Finance Centre

AGM

Annual general meeting

AFSA

Astana Financial Services Authority

AIX

Astana International Exchange

APDC

Agency for Protection and Development of Competition

BOD

Board of directors

Bn

Billion

CPI

Corruption Perception Index

CSR

Corporate social responsibility

DBK

Development Bank of Kazakhstan

ESP

Enterprise with state participation

FDI

Foreign direct investment

FSD

Forecast of social and economic development

GDP

Gross domestic product

GDR

Global depositary receipt

GNI

Gross national income

GRI

Global Reporting Initiative

GSM

General shareholders meeting

IAD

Internal Audit Department

IFRS

International financial reporting standard

IPO

Initial public offerings

ITRP

Investment Tax Residency Programme

JSC

Joint stock company

KASE

Kazakhstan Stock Exchange

KPI

Key performance indicator

KTZ

Kazakhstan Temir Zholy

KZT

Kazakh Tenge

LLC

Limited liability company

LLP

Limited liability partnership

LSE

London Stock Exchange

M&E

Mergers and acquisitions

MF

Ministry of Finance

MIID

Ministry of Industry and Infrastructure Development

MNE

Ministry of National Economy

Mn

Million

NBK

National Bank of Kazakhstan

NDP

National development plan

NPL

Non-performing loans

SAI

Kazakhstan's supreme audit institution

SWF

Sovereign Wealth Fund

PPP

Purchasing power parity

RMD

Risk management department

SME

Small and medium sized enterprises

SOE

State-owned enterprise

UNCMC

United Nations Convention against Corruption

UNGC

United Nations Global Compact