Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronyms

5G

Fifth generation of mobile networks

AI

Artificial intelligence

AMNE

Analytical multinational database

B2B

Business-to-business

B2C

Business-to-consumer

CoR

OECD-European Committee of the Regions

COVID-19

Coronavirus disease 2019

CRM

Customer relationship management

EC

European Commission

ESG

Environmental, social and governance

EU

European Union

FA

Foreign affiliate

FDI

Foreign direct investment

Fintech

Financial Technology

FOBS

Future of Business Survey

G2B

Government to business

GAFAM

Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft

GDP

Gross domestic product

GEM

Global Entrepreneurship Monitor

GVC

Global value chain

ICIO

Inter-Country Input-Output matrix

ICT

Information and communication technology

IMF

International Monetary Fund

ISIC

International Standard Industrial Classification

ISO

International Standard for Country Codes

IT

Information technology

LFS

Labour force statistics

MNE

Multinational enterprise

MSME

Micro, small- and medium-sized enterprises

OI

Open innovation

PPP

Purchasing power parity

R&D

Research and Development

RBC

Responsible business conduct

RRF

Recovery and Resilience Facility

RTA

Revealed technological advantage

SARS

Severe acute respiratory syndrome

SDBS

Structural and Demographic Business Statistics database

SMBs

Small and medium-sized businesses

SME

Small and medium-sized enterprise

SME&E

Small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship

TEC

Trade by Enterprise Characteristics

TEI

Timely Entrepreneurship Indicators

TiVA

Trade in Value Added database

VC

Venture capital

WB

World Bank

WHO

World Health Organisation

Abbreviations

Table 1. Country abbreviations and national currency (ISO codes)
ARG	Argentina	Argentine peso	ARS
AUS	Australia	Australian dollar	AUD
AUT	Austria	Euro	EUR
BEL	Belgium	Euro	EUR
BRA	Brazil	Brazilian real	BRL
CAN	Canada	Canadian dollar	CAD
CHE	Switzerland	Franc	CHF
CHL	Chile	Chilean peso	CLP
CHN	People’s Republic of China	Yuan renminbi	CNY
CIR	Costa Rica	Colón	CRC
COL	Colombia	Colombian peso	COP
CZE	Czech Republic	Koruna	CZK
DEU	Germany	Euro	EUR
DNK	Denmark	Krone	DKK
ESP	Spain	Euro	EUR
EST	Estonia	Estonian kroon	EEK
EU	European Union	Euro	EUR
FIN	Finland	Euro	EUR
FRA	France	Euro	EUR
GBR	United Kingdom	British pound	GBP
GRC	Greece	Euro	EUR
HUN	Hungary	Forint	HUF
IDN	Indonesia	Rupiah	IDR
IRL	Ireland	Euro	EUR
ISL	Iceland	Króna	ISK
ISR	Israel	New Israeli sheqel	ILS
ITA	Italy	Euro	EUR
JPN	Japan	Yen	JPY
KOR	Korea	Won	KRW
LTU	Lithuania	Lithuanian litas	LTL
LUX	Luxembourg	Euro	EUR
LVA	Latvia	Latvian lat	LVL
MEX	Mexico	Mexican peso	MXN
NLD	Netherlands	Euro	EUR
NOR	Norway	Krone	NOK
NZL	New Zealand	New Zealand dollar	NZD
POL	Poland	Zloty	PLN
PRT	Portugal	Euro	EUR
ROU	Romania	Romanian leu	RON
RUS	Russian Federation	New Russian ruble	RUB
SVK	Slovak Republic	Koruna	SKK
SVN	Slovenia	Euro	EUR
SWE	Sweden	Krona	SEK
TUR	Turkey	Turkish lira	TRY
USA	United States	United States dollar	USD
ZAF	South Africa	South African rand	ZAR

Country groupings

BRIICS

Brazil, Russian Federation, India, Indonesia, People’s Republic of China, South Africa.

EU27

European Union (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden).

G20

Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.

OECD

Total OECD 38 (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States).

Country notes

Israel

The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.