Acronyms and abbreviations

Acronyms

5G

Fifth generation of mobile networks

AD

Alternative dispute mechanisms

AI

Artificial intelligence

B2B

Business-to-business

B2C

Business-to-consumer

BERD

Business enterprise expenditure on R&D

BI

Behavioural insights

CC

Cloud computing

CIT

Corporate income tax

CVET

Continuing vocational education and training

DoS

Denial of service

EC

European Commission

ERP

Enterprise resource planning

EU

European Union

FDI

Foreign direct investment

FTE

Full-time equivalent

GDP

Gross domestic product

GFCF

Gross fixed capital formation

GVC

Global value chain

HEI

Higher education institution

H2020

Horizon 2020

ICO

Initial coin offering

ICT

Information and communication technology

IoT

Internet of things

IP

Intellectual property

IPR

Intellectual property right

ISCED

International Standard Classification of Education

ISCO

International Standard Classification of Occupation

ISIC

International Standard Industrial Classification

ISO

International Standard for Country Codes

IT

Information technology

KBC

Knowledge-based capital

M&A

Mergers and acquisitions

MNE

Multinational enterprise

NGO

Non-governmental organisation

NSO

National Statistics Office

OGD

Open Government Data

OI

Open innovation

P2P

Peer-to-peer

PIAAC

OECD Programme on International Assessment of Adult Competences

PISA

OECD Programme on International Student Assessment

PPP

Purchasing power parity

PPP

Public-private partnership

R&D

Research and Development

RIA

Regulatory Impact Assessment

RFID

Radio frequency identification

SAFE

Survey on the access to finance of enterprises

SCM

Supply chain management

SDG

Sustainable Development Goal

SME

Small and medium-sized enterprise

SME&E

Small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship

SNG

Subnational government

STEM

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics

STI

Science, technology and innovation

USD

United States dollar

VAT

Value added tax

VC

Venture capital

VET

Vocational education and training

Abbreviations

Table 1. Country abbreviations and national currency (ISO codes)

ARG

Argentina

Argentine peso

ARS

AUS

Australia

Australian dollar

AUD

AUT

Austria

Euro

EUR

BEL

Belgium

Euro

EUR

BRA

Brazil

Brazilian real

BRL

CAN

Canada

Canadian dollar

CAD

CHE

Switzerland

Franc

CHF

CHL

Chile

Chilean peso

CLP

CHN

People’s Republic of China

Yuan renminbi

CNY

CIR

Costa Rica

Colón

CRC

COL

Colombia

Colombian peso

COP

CZE

Czech Republic

Koruna

CZK

DEU

Germany

Euro

EUR

DNK

Denmark

Krone

DKK

ESP

Spain

Euro

EUR

EST

Estonia

Estonian kroon

EEK

EU

European Union

Euro

EUR

FIN

Finland

Euro

EUR

FRA

France

Euro

EUR

GBR

United Kingdom

British pound

GBP

GRC

Greece

Euro

EUR

HUN

Hungary

Forint

HUF

IDN

Indonesia

Rupiah

IDR

IRL

Ireland

Euro

EUR

ISL

Iceland

Króna

ISK

ISR

Israel

New Israeli sheqel

ILS

ITA

Italy

Euro

EUR

JPN

Japan

Yen

JPY

KOR

Korea

Won

KRW

LTU

Lithuania

Lithuanian litas

LTL

LUX

Luxembourg

Euro

EUR

LVA

Latvia

Latvian lat

LVL

MEX

Mexico

Mexican peso

MXN

NLD

Netherlands

Euro

EUR

NOR

Norway

Krone

NOK

NZL

New Zealand

New Zealand dollar

NZD

POL

Poland

Zloty

PLN

PRT

Portugal

Euro

EUR

ROU

Romania

Romanian leu

RON

RUS

Russian Federation

New Russian ruble

RUB

SVK

Slovak Republic

Koruna

SKK

SVN

Slovenia

Euro

EUR

SWE

Sweden

Krona

SEK

TUR

Turkey

Turkish lira

TRY

USA

United States

United States dollar

USD

ZAF

South Africa

South African rand

ZAR

Country groupings
BRIICS

Brazil, Russian Federation, India, Indonesia, People’s Republic of China, South Africa.

EU28

European Union (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom).

OECD

Total OECD 36 (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States).

Country notes

Cyprus

Note by Turkey:

The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.

Note by all European Member States of the OECD and the European Union:

The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

Israel

The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

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