Acronyms and abbreviations

ABMI

Asian Bond Markets Initiative

ACRAA

Association of Credit Rating Agencies in Asia

ADB

Asian Development Bank

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

CBO

collateralised bond obligation

CCRS

Corporate Credit Rating System

CDS

credit default swap

CGT

capital gains tax

CPI

Consumer Price Index

CRAs

credit rating agencies

ESMA

European Securities and Markets Authority

FIBEN

Fichier bancaire des entreprises

FSB

Financial Stability Board

GDP

gross domestic product

HKMA

Hong Kong Monetary Authority

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IOSCO

International Organization of Securities Commissions

KOSME

Korea SMEs and Startups Agency

LOLA

Lodge and Launch

LSEG

London Stock Exchange Group

MARC

Malaysian Rating Corporation Berhad

MAS

Monetary Authority of Singapore

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OJK

Financial Services Authority of Indonesia

OTC

over-the-counter

P2P

peer-to-peer financing

SBSS

Start-up Business Scoring System

SC Malaysia

Malaysian Securities Commission

SCORE

SME Competitiveness Rating for Enhancement

SEBI

Securities and Exchange Board of India

SESS

Small Enterprise Scoring System

SME

small and medium-sized enterprise

SRI

Sustainable and Responsible Investment

WHT

withholding tax

SBSS

Start-up Business Scoring System