Foreword

This Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation 2023 report provides up-to-date monitoring and evaluation of agricultural policies across 54 countries from across the world, including the 38 OECD countries and the five non-OECD EU Member States, and eleven emerging and developing economies: Argentina, Brazil, People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, the Philippines, the Russian Federation,1 South Africa, Ukraine and Viet Nam. It is the 36^th in the series of the OECD Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation reports, and the 11^th report to include both OECD countries and emerging and developing economies.

The report provides insights into the increasingly complex nature of agricultural policy and is based on the OECD’s comprehensive system for measuring and classifying support to agriculture — the Producer and Consumer Support Estimates (PSE and CSE) and related indicators. These indicators provide comparable information across countries on the nature and extent of support and serve as a basis for the OECD’s Agricultural Policy Monitoring and Evaluation. This 2023 report focuses on the role of agricultural and other policies in adapting agriculture to climate change.

The report is structured as follows. The Executive Summary synthesises the key findings. Chapter 1 discusses the implications of climate change for the agricultural sector and analyses public efforts to foster agricultural climate change adaptation. In particular, it provides an overview of countries’ strategies and policy actions for enhancing the sector’s adaptive, absorbtive and transformative capacities relative to climate change, discusses how agricultural support policies may affect these capacities, and makes recommendations to accelerate climate change adaptation in agriculture. Chapter 2 provides an overview of recent developments in agricultural policies and support, with a special focus on policies implemented in response to Russia’s war of aggression in Ukraine. Chapter 3 describes the overall trends in agricultural support and is followed by individual chapters for each of the countries covered (the European Union, which has a Common Agricultural Policy, is presented as a single chapter). Country chapters begin with snapshots containing brief summaries of developments in agricultural policies and support as well as country-specific policy recommendations. This is followed by more comprehensive descriptions of agricultural policy developments, including related to efforts towards agricultural climate change adaptation. A Statistical Annex containing detailed background tables of the indicators of agricultural support is available as a separate document on the OECD website (https://doi.org/10.1787/b14de474-en).

The Executive Summary as well as Chapters 1 and 2 are published under the responsibility of the OECD Committee for Agriculture. The remainder of the report is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD.

← 1. This report does not contain a country chapter on the Russian Federation, nor any tables with support indicators in the Statistical Annex. However, aggregate data for the 11 emerging economies and for all 54 countries covered in this report continue to include those for Russia.