Abbreviations and acronyms

ALMA

Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array

ASI

Italian Space Agency (Italy)

ASJC

All Science Journal Classifications

AWS

Amazon Web Services

BDI

Federation of German Industries

BERD

Business enterprise research and development expenditure

BRICS

Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa

BDI

Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie

CAD

Canadian dollar (currency)

CASC

China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation

CEOS

Committee on Earth Observation Satellites

CFC

Chlorofluorocarbons

CGMS

Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites

CHF

Swiss franc (currency)

CNES

National Centre for Space Studies (France) Centre National d’Études Spatiales

CNY

Chinese yuan (currency)

COTS

Commercial Orbital Transportation Services

CSA

Canadian Space Agency

DIAS

Copernicus Data and Information Access Services

DLR

German Aerospace Center Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt

DSL

Digital subscriber line

EARSC

European Association for Remote Sensing Companies

EGNOS

European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

EO

Earth observation

ESA

European Space Agency

ESG

Environmental, social, and governance

EUMETSAT

European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites

EUR

Euro (currency)

EUSST

EU Space Surveillance and Tracking

FAA

United States Federal Aviation Administration

FCC

United States Federal Communications Commission

GBP

British pound sterling (currency)

GDP

Gross domestic product

GEO

Geostationary orbit

GEOGLAM

GEO Global Agricultural Monitoring

GHG

Greenhouse gas

GMES

Global Monitoring for Environment and Security

GNSS

Global Navigation Satellite system

GPS

Global Positioning System

ICT

Information and Communications Technology

IDA

International Development Association

IMT

International Mobile Telecommunications

ISRO

Indian Space Research Organisation

ISS

International Space Station

ITU

International Telecommunication Union

JAXA

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

KRW

Korean won (currency)

LAN

Local area network

LEO

Low-earth orbit

MEO

Medium-earth orbit

NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States)

NICFI

Norway's International Climate and Forest Initiative

NMVOC

Non-methane volatile organic compound

NOAA

United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOK

Norwegian krone (currency)

NRO

United States National Reconnaissance Office

NSIL

NewSpace India Limited

ODA

Official development assistance

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OSINT

Open-source intelligence

PCT

Patent Cooperation Treaty

PNT

Positioning, navigation and timing

R&D

Research and development

SAR

Synthetic aperture radar

SKAO

Square Kilometre Array Observatory

SSLV

Small Satellite Launch Vehicle

STEM

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics

STI

Science, technology and innovation

UCS

Union of Concerned Scientists

UKSA

UK Space Agency

UN COPUOS

United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space

UNOOSA

United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs

USAID

United States Agency for International Development

USD

US dollar (currency)

USGS

United States Geological Survey

USSR

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

WIGOS

WMO Integrated Global Observing System

WMO

World Meteorological Organization

WRC

World Radiocommunication Conference

ISO country codes

ISO codes for OECD member countries		ISO codes for other economies
Australia	AUS	Afghanistan	AFG
Austria	AUT	Argentina	ARG
Belgium	BEL	Armenia	ARM
Canada	CAN	Azerbaijan	AZE
Chile	CHL	Bangladesh	BGD
Colombia	COL	Barbados	BRB
Costa Rica	CRI	Benin	BEN
Czechia	CZE	Brazil	BRA
Denmark	DNK	China (People's Republic of)	CHN
Estonia	EST	Colombia	COL
Finland	FIN	Democratic Republic of the Congo	COD
France	FRA	Egypt	EGY
Germany	DEU	Fiji	FJI
Greece	GRC	India	IND
Hungary	HUN	Indonesia	IDN
Iceland	ISL	Iran	IRN
Ireland	IRL	Iraq	IRQ
Israel	ISR	Kiribati	KIR
Italy	ITA	Lao People's Democratic Republic	LAO
Japan	JPN	Lebanon	LBN
Korea	KOR	Madagascar	MDG
Latvia	LVA	Malaysia	MYS
Lithuania	LTU	Micronesia	FSM
Luxembourg	LUX	Myanmar	MMR
Mexico	MEX	Namibia	NAM
Netherlands	NLD	Nigeria	NGA
New Zealand	NZL	Pakistan	PAK
Norway	NOR	Papua New Guinea	PNG
Poland	POL	Paraguay	PRY
Portugal	PRT	Peru	PER
Slovak Republic	SVK	Russian Federation	RUS
Slovenia	SVN	Samoa	WSM
Spain	ESP	Senegal	SEN
Sweden	SWE	Serbia	SRB
Switzerland	CHE	Solomon Islands	SLB
Türkiye	TUR	South Africa	ZAF
United Kingdom	GBR	Syrian Arab Republic	SYR
United States	USA	Chinese Taipei	TWN
		Tanzania	TZA
		Thailand	THA
		Tonga	TON
		Ukraine	UKR
		Vanuatu	VUT
		Viet Nam	VNM
		Zambia	ZMB