Abbreviations and acronyms

5G

Fifth generation of mobile networks

AI

Artificial intelligence

AGI

Artificial General Intelligence

AML

Anti-money laundering

ANI

Artificial Narrow Intelligence

API

Application Programme Interface

B2B

Business-to-business

B2C

Business-to-consumer

B2G

Business-to-government

BaaS

Blockchain-as-a-Service

CC

Cloud computing

CFT

Combating the financing of terrorism

CRM

Consumer relationship management

dApp

Decentralised application

DLT

Distributed Ledger Technology

DoS

Denial of service

EC

European Commission

ERP

Enterprise resource planning

EU

European Union

GDP

Gross domestic product

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation

GPT

General purpose technology

GVC

Global value chain

ICO

Initial Coin Offering

ICT

Information and communication technology

IIoT

Industrial Internet of Things

IoT

Internet of Things

IP

Intellectual property

IPR

Intellectual property rights

IT

Information technology

KBC

Knowledge-based capital

KYC

Know Your Customer

M2M

Machine-to-Machine

MLaaS

Machine Learning as a Service

MNE

Multinational enterprise

OGD

Open Government Data

OI

Open innovation

P2P

Peer-to-peer

PoC

Proof of Concept

PPP

Public-private partnership

R&D

Research and Development

RFID

Radio frequency identification

RoI

Return on Investment

SaaS

Software as a Service

SCM

Supply chain management

SME

Small and medium-sized enterprise

SME&E

Small and medium-sized enterprises and entrepreneurship

SNG

Subnational government

STI

Science, technology and innovation

USD

United States dollar

VAT

Value added tax

VC

Venture capital

VET

Vocational education and training

Country abbreviations and ISO codes

ARG

Argentina

AUS

Australia

AUT

Austria

BEL

Belgium

BRA

Brazil

CAN

Canada

CHE

Switzerland

CHL

Chile

CHN

People’s Republic of China

CIR

Costa Rica

COL

Colombia

CYP

Cyprus

CZE

Czech Republic

DEU

Germany

DNK

Denmark

ESP

Spain

EST

Estonia

EU

European Union

FIN

Finland

FRA

France

GBR

United Kingdom

GRC

Greece

HUN

Hungary

IDN

Indonesia

IRL

Ireland

ISL

Iceland

ISR

Israel

ITA

Italy

JPN

Japan

KOR

Korea

LTU

Lithuania

LUX

Luxembourg

LVA

Latvia

MEX

Mexico

NLD

Netherlands

NOR

Norway

NZL

New Zealand

POL

Poland

PRT

Portugal

ROU

Romania

RUS

Russian Federation

SVK

Slovak Republic

SVN

Slovenia

SWE

Sweden

TUR

Turkey

USA

United States

ZAF

South Africa

Country groupings

EU27

European Union (Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden).

OECD

Total OECD 37 (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States).