Annex C. Living conditions

Access the data for tables in Annex C: https://doi.org/10.1787/888933869203

Table A C.1. Relative poverty rates, 2016
Percentages, population aged 16 and above
	Foreign-born						Native-born				Children in an immigrant household	Children in a native household
	Total	EU-born	Non- EU-born	Employed	Unemployed	Out of the labour force	Total	Employed	Unemployed	Out of the labour force
Australia	22	..	..	9	44	36	20	7	42	36	..	..
Austria	31	31	31	19	51	38	11	6	31	15	39	13
Belgium	33	21	44	12	60	46	13	3	37	20	41	12
Bulgaria	15	-	16	-	-	-	23	11	50	30	-	32
Canada	27	..	..	16	41	42	18	9	27	31	32	21
Chile	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Croatia	28	17	29	8	53	36	20	5	40	27	30	20
Cyprus1,2	30	25	36	25	49	24	15	4	30	22	45	14
Czech Republic	16	19	11	8	-	19	11	4	48	15	32	15
Denmark	22	18	25	13	-	28	13	4	37	19	30	9
Estonia	32	..	..	10	-	48	22	9	43	39	27	17
Finland	24	19	27	6	37	42	14	3	38	20	34	8
France	23	18	25	15	44	24	12	7	35	12	48	16
Germany	22	..	..	16	..	38	16	9	74	31	19	16
Greece	42	26	45	27	65	42	19	13	41	17	51	24
Hungary	16	15	-	12	-	20	15	10	44	15	-	21
Iceland	18	17	19	15	25	24	12	6	20	21	36	13
Ireland	21	19	26	7	42	36	18	5	43	29	31	18
Israel	21	..	..	..	..	..	23	..	..	..	19	34
Italy	38	35	40	30	55	41	19	9	41	21	49	24
Japan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	31	..	..	9	51	44	22	9	42	38	13	19
Lithuania	27	-	28	10	-	37	23	9	57	36	-	27
Luxembourg	24	19	42	20	50	26	11	8	38	11	30	15
Malta	22	..	22	11	41	33	17	6	50	29	38	21
Mexico	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Netherlands	30	21	33	14	56	40	12	4	28	18	48	11
New Zealand	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	25	16	32	13	49	39	13	5	35	22	38	12
Poland	15	14	16	-	-	17	19	12	41	23	-	22
Portugal	20	13	21	14	45	23	19	10	39	24	32	21
Romania	-	-	-	-	..	-	23	18	48	27	-	35
Slovak Republic	13	11	-	-	..	22	12	7	46	13	-	22
Slovenia	27	..	..	18	-	26	14	5	38	19	37	11
Spain	43	41	44	31	63	49	20	10	46	20	64	24
Sweden	31	21	36	14	55	46	15	5	37	25	..	..
Switzerland	20	19	23	13	31	33	14	6	30	25	28	14
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
United Kingdom	22	16	25	12	69	37	17	8	51	27	31	21
United States	32	..	..	23	45	47	24	14	40	39	56	37
OECD total	29	..	..	20	50	42	19	10	41	28	48	26
EU total	30	24	33	19	56	37	17	9	42	21	40	20
Source: Indicator 4.2; children: Indicator 7.15.

Table A C.2. Relative poverty rates, evolution between 2006 and 2015
Change in percentage points, population aged 16 and above
	Foreign-born						Native-born				Children in an immigrant household	Children in a native household
	Total	EU-born	Non-EU-born	Employed	Unemployed	Out of the labour force	Total	Employed	Unemployed	Out of the labour force
Australia	-4	..	..	..	..	..	-1	..	..	..	..	..
Austria	8	15	5	6	4	9	-1	0	-4	-1	4	-2
Belgium	2	-2	3	2	4	2	-1	0	-7	-2	2	-2
Bulgaria	-6	-	-4	-	-	-	0	4	-2	2	-	2
Canada	2	..	..	..	..	..	-1	..	..	..	-1	-2
Chile	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Croatia	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus1,2	6	8	8	6	-	-4	-2	-1	6	-10	16	2
Czech Republic	-1	4	-12	0	-	2	1	1	7	3	-21	-1
Denmark	-3	-6	0	0	-	-7	-1	0	11	-4	-11	1
Estonia	5	..	..	0	-	5	2	1	-9	4	11	-1
Finland	-1	4	-5	-5	-11	6	-2	-1	0	-6	-1	0
France	0	4	-2	1	9	-3	0	1	3	-3	10	3
Germany	0	..	..	5	..	14	1	2	24	11	-12	1
Greece	8	3	9	4	3	-1	0	0	15	-6	8	2
Hungary	3	7	-	4	-	5	2	4	6	1	-	1
Iceland	3	1	7	3	-	7	0	-1	-	0	17	-2
Ireland	-4	-3	-5	-4	-15	1	-2	-2	6	-6	0	-3
Israel	-1	..	..	..	..	..	1	..	..	..	..	..
Italy	6	5	7	6	13	0	-1	0	1	-4	3	-2
Japan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	2	..	..	-1	-1	-2	1	-1	-4	3	-10	-1
Lithuania	7	-	8	1	-	5	2	0	12	1	-	3
Luxembourg	3	1	7	3	2	2	3	3	4	2	-5	4
Malta	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Mexico	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Netherlands	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
New Zealand	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	1	1	3	2	-	-2	-1	0	1	-2	1	2
Poland	2	5	0	-	-	4	1	0	-1	5	-	-4
Portugal	6	-5	11	8	-	1	-1	-1	8	-6	-	-3
Romania	-	-	-	-	..	-	-2	0	6	-3	..	1
Slovak Republic	0	-2	-	-	-	7	0	2	5	-3	-	5
Slovenia	8	..	..	7	13	3	1	0	2	1	13	-2
Spain	17	13	18	14	20	13	-1	-1	16	-9	17	1
Sweden	8	4	9	0	16	14	4	-1	16	8	..	..
Switzerland	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
United Kingdom	-5	-15	-1	0	-	-9	-2	1	-5	-9	-16	-2
United States	0	..	..	-1	4	-1	0	0	1	-5	5	6
OECD total	1	..	..	0	8	4	0	0	3	-2	1	3
EU total	5	4	5	5	9	6	0	0	2	-3	1	0
Source: Indicator 4.2; Children: Indicator 7.15.

Table A C.3. Overcrowded housing rates, 2007 and 2016
Percentages, population aged 16 and above
	2016								Change between 2007 and 2016 (in % points)
	Foreign-born					Native-born			Foreign-born					Native-born
	Total	Owners	Tenants	EU-born	Non- EU-born	Total	Owners	Tenants	Total	Owners	Tenants	EU-born	Non- EU-born	Total	Owners	Tenants
Australia	8	..	..	..	..	4	..	..	2	..	..	..	..	0	..	..
Austria	29	5	38	17	37	6	2	14	0	-4	0	5	..	0	-1	0
Belgium	6	2	10	3	9	1	0	3	-4	0	-9	-2	-7	0	0	-1
Bulgaria	47	42	-	-	55	32	29	74	5	1	-	-	14	-8	-8	-6
Canada	2	..	6	..	..	1	..	2	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Chile	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Croatia	29	27	49	26	30	29	27	61	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus1,2	2	0	4	2	3	1	0	1	-1	0	-4	0	-2	0	0	-4
Czech Republic	23	10	44	23	25	12	8	33	-3	-7	4	-3	-4	-8	-6	-10
Denmark	11	3	17	12	10	6	2	13	-7	-6	-11	-3	-10	2	0	3
Estonia	8	7	-	..	..	8	7	22	-32	-31	-	..	..	-24	-24	-35
Finland	11	3	17	9	12	6	2	16	4	2	8	3	5	0	0	1
France	11	4	20	5	14	4	1	10	-3	1	-5	-3	-3	-1	0	-2
Germany	13	..	..	..	..	6	..	..	5	..	..	..	..	1	..	..
Greece	37	31	41	21	40	16	15	17	-1	8	-9	-7	-1	1	2	-3
Hungary	29	32	-	31	-	30	28	57	-6	6	-	-1	-	-7	-7	-16
Iceland	16	7	30	16	16	4	3	12	6	4	0	7	5	1	1	-4
Ireland	4	-	5	3	6	1	0	6	0	0	-3	-1	2	0	0	1
Israel	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Italy	38	30	45	32	41	16	14	27	5	8	3	6	5	2	2	1
Japan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea	..	..	…	..	..	.	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	31	29	53	..	..	37	33	59	-15	-16	-9	..	..	-13	-14	-10
Lithuania	15	13	-	-	15	18	17	34	-28	-29	-	-	-29	-21	-20	-48
Luxembourg	9	4	17	7	15	2	1	12	-2	0	-5	-2	-6	0	0	1
Malta	2	1	4	..	..	1	1	3	1	1	2	..	..	0	0	-2
Mexico	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Netherlands	8	2	13	4	9	2	1	5	4	0	7	3	4	1	0	3
New Zealand	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Norway	11	3	22	9	14	3	1	20	1	-2	-3	4	-2	0	0	1
Poland	26	21	-	20	29	31	26	63	1	4	-	-10	9	-10	-8	-1
Portugal	11	6	24	3	13	5	4	9	-6	-3	0	0	-7	-3	-1	-6
Romania	-	-	..	-	-	35	34	69	-	-	..	-	-	-8	-8	-13
Slovak Republic	36	25	-	31	-	24	22	47	5	0	-	1	-	-3	-3	-4
Slovenia	18	9	36	..	..	7	5	28	-23	-27	-37	..	..	-20	-18	-45
Spain	8	6	9	2	11	2	1	5	-2	0	-4	-7	1	0	0	-1
Sweden	23	6	34	13	28	10	4	24	8	0	11	4	9	2	1	5
Switzerland	9	0	12	7	12	2	0	4	0	-3	1	1	-1	-1	-1	-1
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
United Kingdom	14	3	23	17	12	3	1	6	7	2	9	11	5	1	0	2
United States	21	10	35	..	..	8	4	17	-1	-1	-4	..	..	1	1	1
OECD total	17	9	28	..	..	8	6	15	-1	0	0	..	..	-1	0	1
EU total	17	9	25	14	20	11	11	15	2	1	4	2	2	-2	-1	1
Source: Indicator 4.3.

Table A C.4. Self-reported health, 2007 and 2016
Percentages, adjusted by age, population aged 16 and above
	2016										Change between 2007 and 2016 (in % points)
	Foreign-born			EU-born		Non-EU-born		Native-born			Foreign-born			Native-born
	Good health status	Unmet medical needs	Unmet dental needs	Good health status	Unmet medical needs	Good health status	Unmet medical needs	Good health status	Unmet medical needs	Unmet dental needs	Good health status	Unmet medical needs	Unmet dental needs	Good health status	Unmet medical needs	Unmet dental needs
Australia	83	5	..	..	..	..	..	83	6	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Austria	65	1	2	83	1	59	0	71	1	1	-3	-2	-2	-2	-1	-2
Belgium	68	5	8	72	4	65	7	74	2	5	3	4	5	-1	2	2
Bulgaria	61	-	-	-	-	63	-	66	9	-	-4	-	-	3	-16	-12
Canada	89	10	..	..	..	..	..	89	11	..	0	..	..	-1	11	..
Chile	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Croatia	62	7	8	64	9	63	7	60	8	7	..	..	..	..	..	..
Cyprus1,2	86	2	10	87	1	83	2	77	1	7	1	-5	-1	1	-6	-6
Czech Republic	58	6	5	56	8	65	2	60	4	4	0	2	0	-1	0	0
Denmark	60	13	14	66	14	56	13	69	8	6	-1	10	7	-5	7	0
Estonia	48	25	17	..	..	..	..	58	15	9	-3	7	-4	-1	4	-2
Finland	62	10	24	68	13	59	9	67	8	12	-2	9	20	1	7	9
France	63	6	14	63	6	64	6	67	5	10	-3	1	6	-5	1	3
Germany	63	2	4	..	..	..	..	67	1	2	3	-8	-10	6	-8	-7
Greece	73	25	21	79	12	72	27	73	14	14	0	15	11	-3	7	7
Hungary	67	9	-	65	9	-	-	60	13	-	13	-1	-	13	1	6
Iceland	70	10	13	77	14	59	3	74	9	15	-14	6	4	-2	1	3
Ireland	82	4	6	81	5	86	2	82	3	4	-3	-4	-4	-1	1	1
Israel	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Italy	74	13	25	77	10	73	15	69	8	13	7	5	13	7	1	4
Japan	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Korea	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Latvia	49	12	18	..	..	..	..	51	11	16	13	-15	-8	5	-11	-5
Lithuania	44	6	16	-	-	43	7	45	5	8	-4	-4	3	-5	-5	-1
Luxembourg	69	2	4	69	3	68	2	69	1	2	-2	-1	1	-5	-2	-1
Malta	86	2	6	..	..	..	..	72	4	6	3	1	5	-1	2	4
Mexico	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
Netherlands	62	6	8	66	5	61	5	75	2	3	-5	3	-3	2	0	-5
New Zealand	62	6	8	66	5	61	5	75	2	3	-5	3	-3	2	0	-5
Norway	73	5	13	82	5	62	6	75	2	6	3	1	0	0	0	-3
Poland	65	9	2	66	9	65	8	59	12	7	6	-4	-9	1	0	-5
Portugal	52	5	17	61	6	51	4	47	4	18	-8	-8	13	2	-8	13
Romania	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	71	10	-	-	-	-	2	-6	-9
Slovak Republic	57	4	0	54	5	-	-	67	6	5	4	-3	-7	13	2	0
Slovenia	57	3	6	..	..	..	..	62	1	3	8	2	6	6	1	2
Spain	71	1	21	71	2	71	1	72	2	11	2	-1	15	5	0	5
Sweden	67	13	13	69	9	67	15	73	10	6	2	-4	-4	-3	-4	-3
Switzerland	71	4	14	72	3	68	6	80	5	9	-5	1	2	-3	3	4
Turkey	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..	..
United Kingdom	72	4	7	72	4	71	4	67	3	6	-3	0	3	-10	0	2
United States	88	5	..	..	..	..	..	88	5	..	-1	-1	..	0	-2	..
OECD total	79	6	12	..	..	..	..	76	5	8	1	-1	2	2	-1	1
EU total	68	5	13	70	5	68	7	67	6	9	2	-2	2	1	-1	0
Source: Good health: Indicator 4.5; Medical needs: Indicator 4.6.

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