Acronyms and abbreviations

AEOI

Automatic Exchange of Information

ALMP

Active Labour Market Policy

AMPYME

Autoridad de la Micro, Pequeña y Mediana Empresa (Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprise Authority)

AMUPA

Asociación de Municipios de Panamá

ARP

Argentinian peso

BEPS

Base Erosion and Profit Shifting

BRL

Brazilian Real

CAF

Development Bank of Latin America

CCS

Social Security Agency

CEDLAS

Center for Distributional, Labor and Social Studies of the University of La Plata

CEQ

Commitment to Equity

CFC

Controlled foreign company

CFZ

Colón Free Trade Zone

CGET

French General Commission for the Equality of Territories (Commissariat Général à l’Egalité des Territoires)

CIAT

Inter-American Center of Tax Administrations

CIT

Corporate income tax

CNC

Centro Nacional de Competitividad

CoG

Centre of Government

CRS

Common Reporting Standard

CSS

Caja de Seguridad Social

DIPRENA

Dirección de Presupuesto de la Nación

ECLAC

Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean

EIU

Economist Intelligence Unit

EOIR

Exchange of Information on Request

FAP

Fondo de Ahorro de Panamá (Sovereign Wealth Fund)

FCM

Federation of Canadian Municipalities

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GRP

Government of the Republic of Panama

IBFD

International Bureau of Fiscal Documentation

IDB

Inter-American Development Bank

IDV

Instituto para Desenvolvimiento do Varejo

IMC

Intermunicipal co-operation

IFARHU

Instituto para la Formación y Aprovechamiento de Recursos Humanos

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

INADEH

Instituto Nacional de Formación Profesional y Capacitación para el Desarrollo Humano (National Training Institute)

INEC

Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censo (National Institute of Statistics and Census)

INFOTEP

Instituto Nacional de Formación Técnico Profesional

ITSE

Instituto Técnico Superior del Este (Higher Technical Institute of the East)

LAC

Latin America and the Caribbean

LABLAC

Labor Database for Latin America and the Caribbean

MDCR

Multi-Dimensional Country Review

MEF

Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas (Ministry of Economy and Finance)

MEDUCA

Ministerio de Educación

MGI

McKinsey Global Institute

MICI

Mecanismo Independiente de Consulta e Investigación

MIDES

Ministerio de Desarrollo Social

MIT

Middle Income Trap

MITRADEL

Ministerio de Trabajo y Desarrollo Laboral

MPMP

Municipal Performance Measurement Program

MSMEs

Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises

NFPS

Non-financial public sector

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PAB

Panamanian Balboa

PED

Planes Estratégicos Distritales

PEG

Plan Estrategico de Gobierno

PIAAC

Survey of Adult Skills

PISA

Programme for International Student Assessment

PIT

Personal Income Tax

PPP

Purchasing Power Parity

SEDLAC

Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean

SEZs

Special Economic Zones

SIMEI

Sistema de Recolhimento em Valores Fixos Mensais do Tributos do Simples Nacional

SIMS

Labour Markets and Social Security Information System

SME

Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

SSC

Social Security Contributions

SUBDERE

Subsecretaria de Desarrollo Regional y Administrativo

SUNAT

Peruvian tax administration

TADAT

Tax administration diagnostic assessment tool

TERCE

Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study

TVET

Technical and Vocational Education and Training

UN

United Nations

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

USD

United States Dollar

VAT

Value Added Tax

VRR

VAT Revenue Ratio

WTO

World Trade Organization