Adversity and adjustment: The resilience of students with an immigrant background

This chapter defines several categories of students depending on their migration-related experiences that are used extensively in the report. It discusses the prevalence of students with an immigrant background in education systems around the world, and the particular challenges education systems face in integrating immigrant students who had arrived in the host country when they were 12 years old or older. The chapter examines differences between students with and without an immigrant background in their ability to attain baseline academic proficiency, and in their degree of well-being, as measured by their sense of belonging at school, their satisfaction with life, how anxious they feel about their schoolwork, and their motivation to achieve.