Acronyms and abbreviations

ACN

Anti-Corruption Network for Eastern Europe and Central Asia

BIT

Bilateral Investment Treaty

CEOs

Chief executive officers

CIIC

Communication, informatisation and information Committee

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

CIT

Corporate Income Tax

CPI

Corruption Perception Index

CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility

DB

Doing Business

EAEU

Eurasian Economic Union

EBRD

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

EC

Entrepreneurial Code

EITI

Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative

ENT

Economic needs test

ESG

Environmental, social, governance

EU

European Union

FDI

Foreign direct investment

FET

Fair and equitable treatment

FIC

Foreign Investors Council

FTA

Free Trade Agreement

G7

Group of 7

G20

Group of 20

GATS

General Agreement on Trade in Services

GCR

Global Competitiveness Report

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GFCF

Gross Fixed Capital Formation

GPA

Agreement on Government Procurement

GVCs

Global value chains

ICTs

Intra-corporate transferees

IFC

International Finance Corporation

IGCs

Intergovernmental Commissions

IIA

International investment agreement

ILO

International Labour Organisation

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IPO

Initial Public Offering

IPR

Intellectual Property Rights

ISC

Investor Services Centre

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

ISDS

Investor-state dispute settlement

IT

Information Technology

ITC

International Trade Center

KASE

Kazakhstan Stock Exchange

KREMZK

Committee on Regulation of Natural Monopolies and Protection of Competition

KZT

Tenge Kazakhstani

M&A

Merger and Acquisitions

MFN

Most-Favoured Nation

MID

Ministry for Investments and Development of Kazakhstan

MNEs

Multinational Enterprises

MoU

Memorandum of Understanding

NAP

National Action Plan

NCE

National Chamber of Entrepreneurs

NCP

National Contact Point for the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises

NT

National treatment

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OSS

One-Stop Shop

PPPs

Public Private Partnerships

PPPAC

Public Private Partnerships Advisory Center

RBC

Responsible Business Conduct

RIA

Regulatory Impact Assessment

RK

Republic of Kazakhstan

RUB

Russian Ruble

SEZs

Special Economic Zones

SMEs

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

SOEs

State-Owned Enterprises

SPAIID

State Programmes on Accelerated Industrial and Innovative Development

SPE

Special Purpose Entity

SRC

State Revenue Committee

SSEI

Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative

TFA

Trade Free Agreement

TNC

Transnational Corporation

UNECE

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

WBG

World Bank Group

WEF

World Economic Forum

WTO

World Trade Organization