Towards effective and sustainable urbanisation in KazakhstanThis chapter

This chapter looks at the major elements of urbanisation in Kazakhstan. It begins with an exploration of the origins of cities providing an understanding of the main focus of urban policies. This is followed by an examination of urban planning challenges and possible ways to improve urban planning practice in the country. The largest section of this chapter focuses on possible responses to urban development challenges. It explores alternatives to improve the land use planning system analyses options to bridge the housing affordability gap examines the need and ways to link land-use, transport and investment assesses the different alternatives to improve the management of public utilities and explores practical options to facilitate the free movement of people across urban centres.