Acronyms and abbreviations

ABCD

Asset-based community development

CAP

Common Agricultural Policy (European Union)

DID

Densely inhabited districts

DRT

Demand-responsive transport

FAR

Floor-area ratio

FDI

Foreign direct investment

FITs

Feed-in tariffs

FUA

Functional urban areas

FUR

Functional urban regions

FY

Financial year

GEDI

Global Entrepreneurship Index

GERD

Gross expenditure on R&D

GVC

Global value chains

HMA

Hilly and mountainous areas

HSR

High-speed rail

ICT

Information and communication technologies

IN

intermediate

JPC

Japan Policy Council

KISA

Knowledge-intensive service activity

LAT

Local Allocation Tax

LIDs

Land Improvement Districts (Japan)

LPC

Local public corporations

LTC

Long-term care

LTT

Local Transfer Tax

MAFF

Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)

METI

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan)

MEXT

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Japan)

MHLW

Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (Japan)

MIC

Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

MLIT

Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (Japan)

NSS

National Spatial Strategy (Japan)

NSSZs

National Strategic Special Zones

OOS

One-stop shops

PFI

Public Finance Initiative

PM

Particulate matter

PPP

Public-private partnerships

PR

Predominantly rural

PRR

Predominantly rural remote

PSE

Producer Support Estimate

PU

Predominantly urban

R&D

Research and development

RE

Renewable energy

RIDA

Remote Islands Development Act (Japan)

SME

Small and medium enterprise

SNG

Subnational governments

TFP

Total factor productivity

TFR

Total fertility ratio

TMA

Tokyo Metropolitan Area

TMG

Tokyo Metropolitan Government

VC

Venture capital

WHO

World Health Organization