Tools to mainstream adaptation into decision-making processes

This chapter examines the tools that can be used to mainstream, or integrate, adaptation into existing decision making and appraisal processes. Informed by countries’ experiences to date, it explores how adaptation can be included within traditional decision-making tools such as cost-benefit analysis, multi-criteria analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis. It analyses the applicability of new approaches, such as real options analysis, that are designed to support decision making under uncertainty. It discusses the importance of aligning the tools used with the institutional context that they will operate in.