Foreword and acknowledgements

Limiting the extent of climate change requires substantial and sustained reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions from fossil-fuel use currently account for around two-thirds of total emissions. Investment in clean energy therefore needs to be scaled up significantly if we are to limit the severe risks we face from climate change. Mobilising clean-energy investment also creates benefits and opportunities for developed and developing countries alike, such as: reduced local air pollution and associated health costs cost-effective access to energy in rural and remote areas improved energy security and reduced reliance on fossil-fuel imports and technology transfer and innovation across the value chain.