Civilian space R&ampD programmes budgets

Institutional budgets are critical in starting-up and developing capital-intensive and high technology sectors such as space. Government Budget Appropriations or Outlays for R&ampD (GBAORD) data are assembled by national authorities analysing their budget for R&ampD content and classifying them by socio-economic objective. These diverse objectives represent the intention of the government at the time of funding commitment, and a special category exploration and exploitation of space exists. Although the data provide only a partial picture of space investments (see note below), the long-term time-series provide useful trends on policy orientations.