Philippines
The Philippines is taking steps to implement the legal basis for exchange under the transparency framework, and by commencing administrative preparations to ensure that information on rulings will be exchanged once the new legal basis is in place. The Philippines has met all aspects of the terms of reference (OECD, 2021[3]) (ToR) for the calendar year 2021 (year in review), except for identifying all potential exchange jurisdictions for both past and future rulings (ToR I.A.2.1 and ToR I.A.2.2) and having in place a process to ensure the timely exchange of information on rulings in the form required by the transparency framework (ToR II.B). The Philippines receives three recommendations on this point for the year in review.
In the prior year’s peer review report, as well as in the 2017-2019 peer review reports, the Philippines had received the same three recommendations. As they have not fully been addressed, the recommendations remain in place.
The Philippines can legally issue one type of rulings within the scope of the transparency framework.
In practice, the Philippines issued rulings within the scope of the transparency framework as follows:
As no exchanges took place, no peer input was received in respect of the exchanges of information on rulings received from The Philippines.
Information gathering process (ToR I.A)
959. The Philippines can legally issue the following type of rulings within the scope of the transparency framework: permanent establishment rulings.
Past rulings (ToR I.A.1.1, I.A.1.2, I.A.2.1, I.A.2.2)
960. For the Philippines, past rulings are any tax rulings within scope that are issued either: (i) on or after 1 January 2015 but before 1 September 2017; or (ii) on or after 1 January 2012 but before 1 January 2015, provided they were still in effect as at 1 January 2015.
961. In the prior years’ peer review reports, it was determined that the Philippines’ undertakings to identify past rulings met the ToR. However, the Philippines was recommended to apply the “best efforts approach” to identify potential exchange jurisdictions, in particular for the ultimate parent company, as this was the only type of information on potential exchange jurisdictions that was not provided by the taxpayer upon application.
962. During the year in review, the Philippines experienced similar problems and therefore the prior years’ recommendation remains. The Philippines notes that it is currently addressing these issues, including capacity building and working in co-operation with the Department of Finance.
Future rulings (ToR I.A.1.1, I.A.1.2, I.A.2.1)
963. For the Philippines, future rulings are any tax rulings within scope that are issued on or after 1 September 2017.
964. In the prior years’ peer review reports, it was determined that the Philippines’ undertakings in respect of future rulings met the ToR, except for identifying all potential exchange jurisdictions (ToR I.A.2.1). As for past rulings, the only required information on potential exchange jurisdictions that was not provided by the taxpayer upon application was related to the ultimate parent company. Therefore, the Philippines was recommended to ensure that all potential exchange jurisdictions are identified swiftly for future rulings.
965. During the year in review, the Philippines experienced similar problems and therefore the prior years’ recommendation remains. The Philippines notes that it is currently addressing these issues, including capacity building and working in co-operation with the Department of Finance.
Review and supervision (ToR I.A.3)
966. In the prior year’s peer review report, it was determined that The Philippines’s review and supervision mechanism was sufficient to meet the minimum standard. The Philippines’s implementation in this regard remains unchanged, and therefore continues to meet the minimum standard.
Conclusion on section A
967. The Philippines has met all of the ToR for the information gathering process, except for applying the “best efforts approach” for past rulings (ToR I.A.2.2), identifying all potential exchange jurisdictions for future rulings (ToR I.A.2.1). The Philippines is recommended to apply the best efforts approach for past rulings with respect to identifying the ultimate parent company, and to ensure that all potential exchange jurisdictions are identified swiftly for future rulings.
Exchange of information (ToR II.B)
Legal basis for spontaneous exchange of information (ToR II.B.1, II.B.2)
968. The Philippines has the necessary domestic legal basis to exchange information spontaneously. The Philippines notes that there are no legal or practical impediments that prevent the spontaneous exchange of information on rulings as contemplated in the Action 5 minimum standard.
969. The Philippines has bilateral agreements with 43 jurisdictions permitting spontaneous exchange of information.1 The Philippines signed the Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters: Amended by the 2010 Protocol (OECD/Council of Europe, 2011[1]) (“the Convention”) in September 2014, but the Philippines has not yet ratified the Convention. The Philippines is therefore encouraged to continue its efforts to ratify the Convention and expand its international exchange of information on rulings. It is noted, however, that jurisdictions are assessed on their compliance with the transparency framework in respect of the exchange of information network in effect for the year of the particular annual review.
Completion and exchange of templates (ToR II.B.3, II.B.4, II.B.5, II.B.6, II.B.7)
970. As the Philippines does not yet have the legal basis for exchanges, the process for the completion and exchange of templates has not been put in place. The Philippines is recommended to put in place a process for the completion and exchange of templates to ensure the exchanges can take place as soon as the legal basis is in force.
971. For the year in review, as there is no domestic legal basis for exchange, no data on the timeliness of exchanges can be reported.
Conclusion on section B
972. The Philippines has the necessary legal basis for spontaneous exchange of information. The Philippines is recommended to continue its efforts to put in place a process to complete the templates for all relevant rulings and to ensure that the exchanges of information on rulings occur as soon as possible (ToR II.B).
Statistics (ToR IV.D)
973. As there was no information on rulings exchanged by The Philippines for the year in review, no statistics can be reported.
Matters related to intellectual property regimes (ToR I.A.1.3)
974. The Philippines does not offer an intellectual property regime for which transparency requirements under the Action 5 Report (OECD, 2015[2]) were imposed.
References
[3] OECD (2021), BEPS Action 5 on Harmful Tax Practices - Terms of Reference and Methodology for the Conduct of the Peer Reviews of the Action 5 Transparency Framework, OECD Publishing, Paris, http://www.oecd.org/tax/beps/beps-action-5-harmful-tax-practices-peer-review-transparency-framework.pdf.
[2] OECD (2015), Countering Harmful Tax Practices More Effectively, Taking into Account Transparency and Substance, Action 5 - 2015 Final Report, OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Project, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264241190-en.
[1] OECD/Council of Europe (2011), The Multilateral Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters: Amended by the 2010 Protocol, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264115606-en.
Note
← 1. The Philippines has bilateral agreements in force with Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China (People’s Republic of), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Türkiye, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States and Viet Nam.