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Recent trends
Mexico has made progress in several development indicators over the last decade, including education, health and employment; yet challenges remain to sustain them, while improving other indicators such as confidence in institutions and security policies. Mexico ranks above the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) average in net secondary enrolment rate (77.2% vs. 74.4% in LAC), life expectancy at birth (77.1 years vs. 75.6 years in LAC), maternal mortality ratio (38 per 100 000 live births vs. 74.4 in LAC) and infant mortality rate (11.5 per 1 000 live births vs. 14.7 in LAC).
Mexico’s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita increased by almost one-and-a-half times between 1990 and 2017. Meanwhile, the share of the population living on less than USD 5.5 a day (2011 PPP) decreased from 44.0% to 33.6% between 2000-14. Over the same period, the population living on USD 5.5-13 a day (2011 PPP) increased from 35.5% to 42.8%. Furthermore, 80% of the Mexican population thought corruption was widespread; 26% had confidence in the national government, and 18% believed in honesty in elections in 2017. Yet, the turnout of the 2018 presidential election has been one of the highest in the country’s history. In addition, despite being below the LAC average, the homicide rate of 16.5 per 100 000 inhabitants hides large regional disparities.
National strategies and international co-operation for development
The upcoming National Development Plan 2019-24 will be the basis of the development agenda of the current administration. Before submitting it to the Congress, a consultation process with civil society, including the indigenous community, was set. Recent announcements pointed out that this NDP will prioritise economic and social development with an emphasis on infrastructures, policies to fight against corruption and poverty, consolidate the middle-class, promote local development and improve social services, including health. Thus, the NDP will give particular attention to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) and SDG 9 (industry, innovation and infrastructure) (ECLAC, 2018). Additionally, the NDP foresees three new programmes for 2019: “Young People Building the Future”, “National Programme of Reconstruction”, and “Programme for the Promotion of Urban, Metropolitan and Territorial Planning”.
In terms of public financing capacities, Mexico’s total tax revenues increased 5.7 percentage points since 2000 to 17.2% of GDP in 2016 (vs. 22.7% in LAC and 34.3% in the OECD). The country introduced e-invoicing in 2014; the process has gone further as not only tax returns, but also accounting records and other reporting obligations, are being filed in XML format. Mexico is a signatory of both the Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement on Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information to fight tax evasion and the Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement on Exchange of Country-by-Country Reports.
Mexico offers and receives development co-operation under the co-ordination of the Mexican Agency for International Development Cooperation (AMEXCID in Spanish). It shares lessons learned, and shares human, technical and financial resources with developing countries through bilateral programmes, regional mechanisms, and trilateral initiatives in partnership with other providers. Mexico works with DAC partners to strengthen its own capacities and institutions. AMEXCID aims to ensure that co-operation initiatives, both as a provider and recipient, are effective, coherent and sustainable.
Regarding South-South co-operation, the priority region is Central America, with which Mexico has a number of initiatives. One example is the Project of Integration and Development of Central America (Proyecto de Integración y Desarrollo de Mesoamérica in Spanish), a forum for dialogue and co-operation for economic and social development; as well as the Fund for Infrastructure for Countries of Central America and the Caribbean (commonly referred to as Fondo Yucatán in Spanish). Mexico has established various partnerships to foster both South-South Co-operation (Chile, Colombia and Uruguay), and trilateral projects (Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, Singapore, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Food and Agriculture Organisation - FAO). As a recipient of official development assistance (ODA), Mexico’s main partners in 2016-17 in terms of financial volume were Germany, France, the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, the Global Environmental Facility and the Inter-American Development Bank.
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https://doi.org/10.1787/g2g9ff18-en
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