Abbreviations and acronyms

3PL

Third-Party Logistics

ADB

Asian Development Bank

ADY

Azerbaijan Railways

APEC

Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation

ASCO

Azerbaijan Caspian Shipping Company

ASEAN

Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASYCUDA

Automated System for Customs Data

ATA Carnet

Carnet Admission Temporaire/Temporary Admission

BAU

Business as Usual

BBIN

Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal

BCPs

Border Crossing Points

bn

billion

BOP

Build, Operate, Transfer

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

BSEC

Black Sea Economic Co-operation

BSEC-URTA

Union of Road Transport Associations in the Black Sea Economic Co-operation Region

BTK

Baku-Tbilisi-Kars

CAREC

Central Asia Regional Co-operation Programme

CATS

CAREC Advance Transit System

CBAM

Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism

CBC

Cross-Border Co-operation

CC

Co-ordination Committee

CCC

Customs Co-operation Committee [of the Central Asia Regional Economic Co-operation Programme]

CCZs

Customs Clearance Zones

CEF

Connecting Europe Facility

CFS

Container Freight Stations

CICA

Confidence Building Measures in Asia

CIM

Convention Internationale pour le Transport des Marchandises

CIM/SGMS

Agreement on International Goods Transport by Rail

CIT

International Rail Transport Committee

CMAs

Corridor Management Authorities

CMR

International Carriage of Goods

CPTA

Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific

CU

Customs Union

DR Congo

Democratic Republic of Congo

EAEU

Eurasian Economic Union

EaP

Eastern Partnership Countries

EBRD

European Bank of Reconstruction and Development

e-CMR protocol

Electronic International Carriage of Goods Protocol

ECMT

European Conference of Ministers of Transport

ECO

Economic Co-operation Organisation

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EIB

European Investment Bank

EPD

Electronic Pre-Declaration

ESIA

Environmental and Social Impact Assessments

ESPO

European Sea Ports Organisation

e-TIR system

Electronic International Road Transport System

EU

European Union

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

FIATA

International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations

FTA

Free Trade Agreement

G20

Group of Twenty

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GIS

Geopolitical Intelligence Services

GL Index

Grubel-Lloyd Index

GR

Georgian Railways

GTrD

Global Transit Document

GVC

Global Value Chain

HHI

Herfindahl-Hirschman index

HoA

Horn of Africa

HS

Harmonised Commodity Description and Coding System

IATITR

International Association Trans-Caspian International Transport Route

ICBC

International Centre for Cross-Border Co-operation

IFC

International Finance Corporation

IFIs

International Financial Institutions

IIT

Intra-Industry Trade

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IO

International Organisation

IPA

Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance

IRU

International Road Union

ITC

International Trade Centre

ITF

International Transport Forum

JBIC

Japanese Bank of International Co-operation

JSC

Joint-Stock Company

JV

Joint Venture

km

kilometre

KMTF

KazMorTransFlot (Kazakhstan Maritime Transport Fleet)

KNOMAD

Knowledge Partnership on Migration and Development

KTZ

Kazakhstan Temir Zholy

LoLo

Lift-on/Lift-off

LPI

Logistics Performance Index [of the World Bank]

m

metre

MC

Middle Corridor

MCLI

Maputo Corridor Logistics Initiative

MIID

Ministry for Industry and Infrastructure Development [of Kazakhstan]

MMT

Multi-Modal Marine Terminal

MNE

Multinational Enterprise

mt

megaton

MVA

Motor Vehicles Agreement

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NASCO

North American Supercorridor Coalition

NCTS

New Computerised Transit System

NGO

Non-Governmental Organisation

NTFCs

National Trade Facilitation Committee

ODA

Official Development Assistance

OEC

Observatory of Economic Complexity

OECD

Organisation of Economic Co-operation and development

OIC

Organisation of Islamic Co-operation

OSCE

Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe

OSJD

Organisation of for Co-operation of Railways

OSS

One-Stop Shop

OTIF

Organisation for International Carriage by Rail

OTS

Organisation of Turkic States

PMCG

Policy and Management Consulting Group

PPD

Public-Private Dialogue

PPI

Private Participation in Infrastructure

PPP

Public-Private Partnership

R&D

Research and Development

R4TCA

Ready4Trade Central Asia

RoRo

Roll-on/Roll-off

RTFCs

Regional Trade Facilitation Committees

SESRIC

Statistical, Economic, and Social Research and Training Center for Islamic Countries

SEZ

Special Economic Zone

SME

Small and Medium-sized Enterprise

SPS

Sanitary and Phytosanitary certificates

STRI

Services Trade Restrictiveness Index

t

tonne

TCDD

Turkish State Railway Authority

TEN-T

Trans-European Transport Network

TEU

Twenty-foot equivalent unit

TFIs

Trade Facilitation Indicators

TIR

Transports Internationaux Routiers (International Road Transport)

TITR

Trans-Caspian International Transport Route

TOBB

Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Türkiye

TOR

Transfer of Operating Rights

TRACECA

Transport Corridor Europe-Caucasus-Asia

U.S.

United States of America

UN

United Nations

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNECE

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

UNESCAP

United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

URL

Unified Railway Law

USAID

United States Agency for International Development

USD

United States dollar

USMCA

United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement

VfM

Value for Money

WIPO

World Intellectual Property Organisation

WPSP

World Port Sustainability Programme

WTO

World Trade Organisation