Abbreviations and acronyms

AI

Artificial intelligence

BERD

Business Enterprise R-D Expenditure

CCS

Carbon Capture and Storage

CCU

Carbon Capture and Utilisation

CERN

European Organization for Nuclear Research

COP

Conference of the Parties

CPC

Cooperative Patent Classification

DAC

Direct air capture

DARPA

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency

EPO

European Patent Office

EU

European Union

EUIPO

European Union Intellectual Property Office

EV

Electric Vehicles

FAIR

Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Re-useable

GDP

Gross domestic product

GERD

Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development

GHG

Greenhouse gas

GOVERD

Government Intramural Expenditure on R&D

GTARD

Government Tax Relief for R&D Expenditures

HERD

Higher Education Expenditure on R&D

HPC

High-performance computing

IEA

International Energy Agency

IoT

Internet of Things

IPCC

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

JPO

Japan Patent Office

MOIP

Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies

MSTI

Main Science and Technology Indicators

MTIP

Mission-driven Top Sector and Innovation Policy

NDC

Nationally determined contributions

NGO

Non-governmental organisation

NZE

Net Zero Emissions

PET

Privacy-enhancing technologies

PHSM

Public health and social measure

PPP

Public-private partnerships

R&D

Research and development

RD&D

Research, development and demonstration

RI

Research infrastructures

STEM

Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics

SSH

Social sciences and humanities

STI

Science, Technology and Innovation

STIP

Science, Technology and Innovation Policy

TA

Technology assessment

TDR

Transdisciplinary research

TI

Technical infrastructures

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

USPTO

United States Patent and Trademark Office

WHO

World Health Organization

WTO

World Trade Organization