Abbreviations and acronyms

AI

Artificial intelligence

AMP

Advanced Manufacturing Partnerships (United States)

ART-ER

Attrattività Ricerca Territorio (Emilia Romagna, Italy)

ASTER

Agenzia per lo Sviluppo Tecnologico dell'Emilia Romagna (Italy)

BCIP

Biotechnology Cluster Program (Canada)

BDC

Business Development Bank of Canada

CCEIs

Centers for Creative Economy and Innovation (Korea)

CEG

Center for Economic Growth (New York, United States)

CFA

Centre for Technological Innovation and Advanced Aeronautical and Naval Manufacturing (Andalusia, Spain)

CNSE

College of Nano Scale Science & Engineering (United States)

DARPA

Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (United States)

DEPA

Digital Economy Promotion Agency (Thailand)

EC

European Commission

EDP

Entrepreneurial discovery process

EEC

Eastern Economic Corridor (Thailand)

ERDF

European Regional Development Fund

EU

European Union

FDI

Foreign direct investment

GDP

Gross domestic product

GVA

Gross value added

GVCs

Global value chains

HEIs

Higher education institutions

ICT

Information and communication technology

IDEA

Innovation and Development Agency (Andalusia, Spain)

IoT

Internet of things

IPAs

Investment Promotion Agencies

ISI

Innovation Superclusters Initiative

ITI

InterTrade Ireland

LCUs

Local content units

LPWAN

Low Power Wide Area Network

M2M

Machine-to-machine communication

MMIs

Manufacturing innovation institutes (United States)

MNEs

Multinational enterprises

NCR

National Cash Register (United States)

NGOs

Non-governments organisations

NNMI

National Network of Manufacturing Institutes (United States)

OCN

Ontario Commercialization Network (Canada(

OEMs

Original equipment manufacturers

ONE

Ontario Network of Entrepreneurs (Canada)

PARC

Palo Alto Research Centre (United States).

PSI

Public sector innovation

R&D

Research and development

RAI

Regional Authority Index

RCTs

Randomised controlled trials

RDAs

Regional development agencies

RICs

Regional Innovation Centres (Canada)

RIS

Regional Innovation Scoreboard / Regional Innovation System

S3

Smart Specialisation Strategies

SDA

Schumpeterian development agency

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

SEZ

Steinbeis-Europa Zentrum (Germany)

SMEs

Small- and medium-sized enterprises

SOSCIP

Southern Ontario Smart Computing Innovation Platform (Canada)

STEM

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

SWOT

Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

TL2 / TL3

Territorial level 2 / Territorial level 3, i.e. large / small regions

VC

Venture Capital

VCR

Video cassette recording