Annex A. Measuring the influence of entrepreneurial education on the mindset of students
This annex presents the analysis of the impact of entrepreneurial education on the mindset of students, done in co-operation with Massimo Loi, from the University of Oslo. The analysis is based on the Entrepreneurial Education survey, reported below, administered to a sample of students at higher education institutions in Québec. The results inform Chapter 2 of the Review of Québec
The methods used for the analysis include:
Cohen's effect-size, to determine whether the average value of indicators observed in students who did not follow entrepreneurial activities differ statistically significantly from those observed in students who did follow entrepreneurial activities;
Weighted regression analysis, to establish whether the conclusions based on Cohen´s effect size are confirmed after controlling for respondents´ gender, age and education enrolment. The regression analysis was performed assigning a weight of 1.31 to each respondent exposed to entrepreneurial education and of 0.81 to each respondent not exposed to entrepreneurial education. Overall, the two groups of respondents had the same weight (0.5) in the regression analysis.
As of December 2022, 290 students responded to the survey. The final analysis is based on 277 respondents, omitting 13 outliers. The descriptive results are the following:
Exposure to Entrepreneurial Education: 106 respondents (38.3%) reported having participated in entrepreneurial activities; 171 respondents (61.7%) reported not having participated in entrepreneurial activities;
Gender: 179 respondents (63.93%) identified as female, and 101 respondents (36.06%) identified as male; 10 respondents did not report their gender;
Age: respondents were born between 1970 to 2004, with the majority born between 1992 and 2002. The analysis showed 13 outliers, born between 1970 and 1976. These outliers are outside the 1.5*IQR interval and were dropped from the econometric analysis;
Level of Education: respondents represented the four levels of studies in the province: 128 at undergraduate level (44.14%); 73 at graduate level (25.17%); 35 in doctoral studies (12.07%); and 54 at the college/Cégep level (18.62%).