Acronyms and abbreviations

ACA

Affordable Care Act

AI

Artificial Intelligence

API

Application Programming Interface

BBMRI

Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure

CABG

Coronary artery bypass grafting

CDC

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)

CEPHOS-link

Comparative Effectiveness Research on Psychiatric Hospitalisation by Record Linkage of Large Administrative Data Sets

CHF

Congestive heart failure

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CPD

Continuous professional development

CMS

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (US)

CVD

Cardiovascular diseases

DTC

Direct-to-consumer

EC

European Commission

EEA

European Economic Area

EHDEN

European Health Data and Evidence Network

EHR

Electronic health record

EMR

Electronic medical record

ERIC

European Research Infrastructure Consortium

ECIS

European Cancer Information System

EU

European Union

EUR

Euro

FDA

Food and Drug Administration

FFS

Fee-for-service

FHIR

Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources

GA4GH

Global Alliance for Genomics and Health

GBP

Great Britain Pounds

GDP

Gross domestic product

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation

GFCF

Gross fixed capital formation

GFT

Google flu trends

GMA

Grupo de Morbilidad Ajustado (Morbidity-adjusted groupiong)

GP

General practitioner

HBM4EU

European Human Biomonitoring Initiative

HCH

Health Care Home

HITECH Act

Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act

HIPAA Act

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act 

HTA

Health technology assessment

IARC

International Agency for Research on Cancer

ICD

International Classification of Diseases

ICT

Information and communication technology

ICHOM

International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement

IHME

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

IMG

Integrated Medical Group

IMI

Innovative Medicines Initiative

InfAct

Joint Action on Health Information

IoT

Internet of Things

INCF

International Neuro-informatics Coordinating Facility

IP

Internet protocol

IT

Information technology

NCD

Non-communicable disease

NHID

National health insurance database (Korea)

NICE

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

NIH

National Institutes of Health

NHS

National health service (UK)

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

ONC

Office of the National Coordinator for Health IT

PCI

Percutaneous coronary intervention

PIAAC

Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies

PPI

Proton pump inhibitors

RCT

Randomised controlled trial

R&D

Research and development

RWE

Real-world evidence

RWD

Real-world data

SALAR

Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions

SaMD

Software as a medical device

SES

Socio-economic status

TEFCA

Trusted Exchange Framework and Common Agreement

UK

United Kingdom

UN

United Nations

US

United States

USD

United States Dollars

WAHCA

Washington State Health Care Authority

WHO

World Health Organization