Reader’s Guide
Acronyms
|
ADE |
Automated data exchange |
|
AI |
Artificial intelligence |
|
ANA |
Annual National Accounts |
|
API |
Application Programming Interface |
|
ASJC |
All Science Journals Classification |
|
ATUS |
American Time Use Survey |
|
B2B |
Business to business |
|
B2C |
Business to consumer |
|
BEA |
United States Bureau of Economic Analysis |
|
BERD |
Business expenditure on research and development |
|
BHPS |
British Household Panel Survey |
|
ccTLD |
Country code top-level domain |
|
CIPO |
Canadian Intellectual Property Office |
|
CO2 |
Carbon dioxide |
|
CPC |
Central Product Classification |
|
CPI |
Consumer price index |
|
CPU |
Central processing unit |
|
CRM |
Customer-relationship management |
|
CSIRT |
Computer Security Incidents Response Team |
|
DOCSIS |
Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification |
|
DSL |
Domain-specific language |
|
DSTRI |
Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index |
|
EB |
Exabyte |
|
EBOPS |
Extended Balance of Payments Services Classification |
|
EDT |
Enquête Emploi du Temps |
|
EEA |
European Economic Area |
|
EPO |
European Patent Office |
|
ERP |
Enterprise resource planning |
|
ESS |
European Social Survey |
|
ETCB |
Estonian Tax and Customs Board |
|
EU |
European Union |
|
EUIPO |
European Union Intellectual Property Office |
|
EWCS |
European Working Conditions Survey |
|
FDI |
Foreign Direct Investment |
|
FDI RRI |
Foreign Direct Investment Regulatory Restrictiveness Index |
|
FERMA |
Federation of European of Risk Management Associations |
|
FTTB |
Fibre-to-the-building |
|
FTTH |
Fibre-to-the-home |
|
GB |
Gigabyte |
|
Gbps |
Gigabits per second |
|
GCI |
Global Cybersecurity Index |
|
GDP |
Gross domestic product |
|
GDPR |
General Data Protection Regulation |
|
GFCF |
Gross fixed capital formation |
|
GODI |
Global Open Data Index |
|
gTLD |
Generic top-level domain |
|
GVC |
Global value chain |
|
HBSC |
Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Study |
|
HTM |
High-tech manufacturing |
|
IaSD |
Internet as a statistical data source |
|
ICIO |
Inter-Country Input-Output |
|
ICT |
Information and communication technology |
|
IFR |
International Federation of Robotics |
|
ILO |
International Labour Organization |
|
ILPO |
Israel Patent Office |
|
IMF |
International Monetary Fund |
|
INAPI |
National Institute for Industrial Property of Chile |
|
IoT |
Internet of Things |
|
IP |
Internet Protocol |
|
IP5 |
Five largest intellectual property offices worldwide (EPO, JPO, KIPO, NIPA, USPTO) |
|
IPC |
International Patent Classification |
|
ISCED |
International Standard Classification of Education |
|
IPv6 |
Internet Protocol version 6 |
|
ISCO |
International Standard Classification of Occupations |
|
ISIC |
International Standard Industrial Classification |
|
ISO |
International Organization for Standardization |
|
ISSA |
International Survey of Scientific Authors |
|
Istat |
Italian Statistical Institute |
|
IT |
Information technology |
|
ITU |
International Telecommunication Union |
|
JPO |
Japan Patent Office |
|
kbps |
Kilobits per second |
|
kg |
Kilogramme |
|
KIPO |
Korean Intellectual Property Office |
|
KIS |
Knowledge-intensive service |
|
M2M |
Machine to machine |
|
Mb |
Megabyte |
|
Mbps |
Megabits per second |
|
ML |
Machine learning |
|
MNE |
Multinational enterprise |
|
MOOC |
Massive Online Open Course |
|
MPI |
Max Planck Institute |
|
MSA |
Metropolitan statistical area |
|
NAICS |
North American Industry Classification System |
|
NFC |
Near field communication |
|
NGA |
Next Generation Access |
|
NIA |
National Information Society Agency |
|
NIPA |
National Intellectual Property Administration of People’s Republic of China |
|
nm |
Nanometre |
|
NPL |
Non-patent literature |
|
NSE |
Natural sciences and engineering |
|
NSO |
National statistical office |
|
NTI |
National Treatment Instrument |
|
O*NET |
US Occupational Information Network |
|
OER |
Open Educational Resources |
|
OGD |
Open government data |
|
OLI |
Online Labour Index |
|
OSS |
Open source software |
|
PIAAC |
OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies |
|
PISA |
OECD Programme for International Student Assessment |
|
PPM |
Peer platform market |
|
PPP |
Purchasing power parity |
|
R&D |
Research and development |
|
RFID |
Radio-frequency identification |
|
SaaS |
Software as a service |
|
SAT |
Statistics Canada Survey of Advanced Technology |
|
SCM |
Supply chain management |
|
SEEA |
UN System of Environmental-Economic Accounting |
|
SIM |
Subscriber identity module |
|
SME |
Small and medium-sized enterprise |
|
SOC |
Standard Occupational Classification |
|
SQL |
Structured Query Language |
|
STRI |
Services Trade Restrictiveness Index |
|
Tbps |
Terabytes per second |
|
TFI |
Trade Facilitation Indicators |
|
TiM |
Trade in Employment |
|
TiVA |
Trade in Value Added |
|
TLD |
Top-level domain |
|
TRAINS |
Trade Analysis Information System |
|
UIBM |
Italian Patent and Trademark Office |
|
UK IPO |
United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office |
|
UNCTAD |
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development |
|
UNSD |
United Nations Statistics Division |
|
UNU |
United Nations University |
|
USD |
United States dollar |
|
USPTO |
United States Patent and Trademark Office |
|
VC |
Venture capital |
|
VDSL |
Very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line |
|
VR |
Virtual reality |
|
WBG |
World Bank Group |
|
WEEE |
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment |
|
WIPO |
World Intellectual Property Organization |
|
WTO |
World Trade Organization |
|
ZB |
Zettabyte |
Abbreviations
For most of the charts, this publication uses ISO codes for countries or economies.
|
ARG |
Argentina |
|
AUS |
Australia |
|
AUT |
Austria |
|
BEL |
Belgium |
|
BGR |
Bulgaria |
|
BRA |
Brazil |
|
CAN |
Canada |
|
CHE |
Switzerland |
|
CHL |
Chile |
|
CHN |
People’s Republic of China |
|
COL |
Colombia |
|
CRI |
Costa Rica |
|
CYP |
Cyprus |
|
CZE |
Czech Republic |
|
DEU |
Germany |
|
DNK |
Denmark |
|
ESP |
Spain |
|
EST |
Estonia |
|
FIN |
Finland |
|
FRA |
France |
|
GBR |
United Kingdom |
|
GRC |
Greece |
|
HKG |
Hong Kong, China |
|
HRV |
Croatia |
|
HUN |
Hungary |
|
IDN |
Indonesia |
|
IND |
India |
|
IRL |
Ireland |
|
IRN |
Iran |
|
ISL |
Iceland |
|
ISR |
Israel |
|
ITA |
Italy |
|
JPN |
Japan |
|
KOR |
Korea |
|
LTU |
Lithuania |
|
LUX |
Luxembourg |
|
LVA |
Latvia |
|
MEX |
Mexico |
|
MLT |
Malta |
|
MYS |
Malaysia |
|
NLD |
Netherlands |
|
NOR |
Norway |
|
NZL |
New Zealand |
|
PHL |
Philippines |
|
POL |
Poland |
|
PRT |
Portugal |
|
ROU |
Romania |
|
RUS |
Russian Federation |
|
SAU |
Saudi Arabia |
|
SGP |
Singapore |
|
SVK |
Slovak Republic |
|
SVN |
Slovenia |
|
SWE |
Sweden |
|
TUR |
Turkey |
|
TWN |
Chinese Taipei |
|
UKR |
Ukraine |
|
USA |
United States |
|
ZAF |
South Africa |
Country groupings
|
BRIICS |
Brazil, the Russian Federation, India, Indonesia, China and South Africa. |
|
Euro area |
Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Spain. |
|
EU28 |
European Union |
|
G7 |
Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States. |
|
G20 |
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union. |
|
OECD |
Total OECD |
|
ROW |
Rest of the world |
|
WLD |
World |