Abbreviations and acronyms

ACER

Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators

AERS

Energy Agency of the Republic of Serbia

AIDA

Albanian Investment Development Agency

ALMP

active labour market policy

BAM

Bosnian mark (currency)

BFEE

Budgetary Fund for Energy Efficiency (Serbia)

BHEF

Business Higher Education Forum (USA)

CACM

capacity allocation and capacity management

CH4

methane

CHP

combined heat and power

CO₂

carbon dioxide (CO₂)

COP

Conference of the Parties (UNFCCC)

CPD

continuous professional development (for teachers)

CSO

civil society organisations

CSS

contributions for social services

CVT

continuing vocational training

EBRD

European Bank for Reconstruction and Development

ECEC

early childhood education and care

EED

Energy Efficiency Directive (EU)

EEF

Estonian Education Forum

EGD

European Green Deal

EIA

environmental impact assessment

EIB

European Investment Bank

ELD

Energy Labelling Directive (EU)

EMIS

education management information system (Albania)

EPBD

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EU)

EPEEF

Environmental Protection and Energy Efficiency Fund (Croatia)

ERE

Energy Regulatory Authority (Albania)

ESA

Employment Service Agency (North Macedonia)

ESCO

energy service company

ESCS

economic, social and cultural status (OECD, PISA)

ESM

Elektrani na Severna Makedonija (state-owned electricity company, North Macedonia)

EU

European Union

EU ETS

EU Emissions Trading System

EU-SILC

European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions

EV

electric vehicle

FBiH

Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

FDI

foreign direct investment

FiP

feed-in premia

FiT

feed-in tarrif

FRR

frequency restoration reserve (for electricity systems)

FSA

financial social assistance

FTE

full-time equivalent (employee)

GDP

gross domestic product

GEFF

Green Economy Financing Facility (EBRD)

GHG

greenhouse gas (emissions)

GHI

global horizontal irradiation

GJ

gigajoules

GMA

guaranteed minimum assistance

GW

gigawatt

GWh

gigawatt hours

ICT

information and communication technologies

IEA

International Energy Agency

IED

Industrial Emissions Directive (EU)

IEQE

Institute for Education Quality and Evaluation (Serbia)

IFI

International financial institutions

IMPG

Integrated Policy Management Group (Albania)

IPA

investment promotion agency

IPPC

integrated prevention and pollution control

ISO

independent system operator

IT

information technologies

ITE

initial teacher education

ITO

independent transmission operator

KEDS

Kosovo Distribution System Operator

KEEF

Kosovo Energy Efficiency Fund

KIESA

Kosovo Investment and Enterprise Support Agency

KOSTT

Kosovo Transmission, System and Market Operator

KPI

key performance indicator

ktoe

kilotonnes of oil equivalent

kW

kilowatt

kWh

Kilowatt hour

LCDS

Low Carbon Development Strategy (Serbia)

LCPD

Large Combustion Plants Directive

LEUE

Law on Efficient Use of Energy (Serbia)

LGBTI

lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex

LPG

liquefied petroleum gas

LSG

local self-government

m²

square metres

m³

cubic metres

MANU

Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts

MEPS

minimum energy performance standards

MESP

Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning (Kosovo)

MFK

Millennium Foundation Kosovo

MNE

multinational enterprise

MoESTD

Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development (Serbia)

Mt

megatonne

Mtoe

million tonnes of oil equivalent

MW

megawatt

N₂O

nitrous oxide

NAES

National Agency of Employment and Skills (Albania)

NCB

National Coordinative Body (North Macedonia)

NCED

National Council of Economic Development of Kosovo

NCEP

National Energy and Climate Plan

NDC

Nationally Determined Contributions (Paris Climate Agreement)

NEC

National Economic Council (Albania)

NEEAP

National Energy Efficiency Action Plan

NEET

not in education, employment or training

NEMO

nominated electricity market operators

NERP

National Emissions Reduction Plan

NGO

non-governmental organisation

NPAA

National Programme for the Adoption of the Acquis Communautaire 

NRA

national regulatory authority

NREAP

National Renewable Energy Action Plan

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

PAL

Priorities for Adult Learning (OECD)

PES

public employment service

PISA

Programme for International Student Assessment

PM

particulate matter (PM2.5 = 2.5 micrograms)

PMI

projects of mutual interest

PPDM

psychology, pedagogy, didactics and methodology (teaching competencies)

PPP

purchasing power parity

PPP

public-private partnership

PV

photovoltaic (solar)

PWD

persons with disabilities

R&D

research and development

RED

Renewable Energy Directive (EU)

RRS

regional Roma survey

RS

Republika Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

SAA

skills assessment and anticipation

SAS

Social Assistance Scheme (Kosovo)

SCADA

supervisory control and data acquisition

SDGs

Sustainable Development Goals

SE

social enterprise

SEE CAO

Coordinated Auction Office in Southeast Europe

SEEPEX

Serbian Power Exchange

SERC

State Electricity Regulatory Commission (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

SEZ

special economic zone

SHPP

small hydropower plant

SLED

Support for Low-Emission Development in South Eastern Europe

SME

small- and medium-sized enterprises

SO₂

sulphur dioxide

SOE

state-owned enterprises

STEM

science, technology, engineering and mathematics

STEP

Skills Towards Employment and Productivity (Serbia)

T&D

transmission and distribution

TAP

Trans-Adriatic Pipeline

TPP

thermal power plant

TSO

transmission system operator

TWh

terawatt hours

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNECE

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

UNFCCC

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

VAT

value-added tax

VET

vocational education and training

WHO

World Health Organization

YLL

years of life lost