3. Tax levels and tax structures, 1965-2022
In all the following tables, the symbol (..) indicates not available or not applicable. The main series in this chapter cover a selection of years between 1990 and 2022. A complete series is available online. Data for 1955 and 1960 (for nineteen OECD countries) are provided in Part V of the 1998 edition of this Report.
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) figures are based on the 2008 System of National Accounts (SNA) for all OECD countries.
Footnotes to Tables 3.1 to 3.18 refer to the treatment of the capital transfers that some countries make to account for taxes that have been assessed but not collected. The capital transfer has been subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfer has been allocated between tax headings in proportion to their tax revenues at the level of government against which these transfers were recorded.
Table 3.1. Total tax revenue as % of GDP | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1965 | 1990 | 2000 | 2007 | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022p | |
Australia | 20.6 | 28.0 | 30.4 | 29.4 | 25.2 | 27.8 | 27.7 | 28.4 | 29.5 | .. |
Austria1 | 33.5 | 39.3 | 42.3 | 40.5 | 41.0 | 43.1 | 42.6 | 42.1 | 43.3 | 43.1 |
Belgium1 | 30.8 | 41.4 | 43.8 | 42.9 | 42.9 | 44.1 | 42.4 | 42.3 | 42.5 | 42.4 |
Canada | 25.0 | 35.1 | 34.7 | 32.5 | 31.0 | 32.8 | 33.1 | 34.7 | 33.9 | 33.2 |
Chile | .. | 16.8 | 18.7 | 22.8 | 19.7 | 20.5 | 21.0 | 19.3 | 22.2 | 23.9 |
Colombia | .. | 11.3 | 15.7 | 19.3 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 19.7 | 18.8 | 19.2 | 19.7 |
Costa Rica | .. | 22.4 | 21.1 | 23.1 | 22.1 | 22.9 | 23.4 | 22.6 | 25.0 | 25.5 |
Czechia | .. | .. | 32.3 | 34.1 | 32.2 | 33.1 | 34.8 | 34.8 | 34.7 | 33.9 |
Denmark1 | 29.1 | 44.4 | 46.9 | 46.4 | 44.8 | 46.1 | 46.9 | 47.3 | 47.4 | 41.9 |
Estonia | .. | .. | 31.1 | 31.0 | 33.2 | 33.3 | 33.5 | 33.3 | 33.5 | 32.8 |
Finland | 30.0 | 42.9 | 45.8 | 41.4 | 40.6 | 43.5 | 42.3 | 41.8 | 43.2 | 43.0 |
France1 | 33.7 | 41.2 | 43.4 | 42.5 | 42.1 | 45.3 | 44.9 | 45.4 | 45.2 | 46.1 |
Germany | 31.7 | 34.8 | 36.4 | 35.4 | 35.5 | 37.3 | 38.6 | 37.9 | 39.3 | 39.3 |
Greece | 17.1 | 25.2 | 33.4 | 31.8 | 32.3 | 36.6 | 39.5 | 38.8 | 39.4 | 41.0 |
Hungary | .. | .. | 38.5 | 39.2 | 36.8 | 38.7 | 36.3 | 36.0 | 33.7 | 33.2 |
Iceland | 25.7 | 30.5 | 35.9 | 38.4 | 32.2 | 35.1 | 35.1 | 36.4 | 35.1 | 34.9 |
Ireland | 24.5 | 32.4 | 30.8 | 30.8 | 27.7 | 23.1 | 21.9 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.9 |
Israel | .. | .. | 34.1 | 33.3 | 30.2 | 31.1 | 30.2 | 29.7 | 32.5 | 32.9 |
Italy | 24.6 | 36.3 | 40.5 | 41.6 | 41.7 | 43.0 | 42.3 | 42.6 | 42.4 | 42.9 |
Japan | 17.3 | 27.7 | 25.3 | 27.2 | 26.2 | 30.2 | 31.5 | 33.0 | 34.1 | .. |
Korea | .. | 18.6 | 20.9 | 23.7 | 22.4 | 23.7 | 27.2 | 27.7 | 29.8 | 32.0 |
Latvia | .. | .. | 29.0 | 28.2 | 28.5 | 29.8 | 30.9 | 30.9 | 30.5 | 30.2 |
Lithuania1 | .. | .. | 30.8 | 30.1 | 28.3 | 28.9 | 30.3 | 31.2 | 32.1 | 31.9 |
Luxembourg1 | 27.3 | 34.7 | 37.0 | 35.7 | 35.7 | 34.8 | 39.5 | 38.2 | 38.4 | 38.6 |
Mexico | .. | 12.1 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 15.9 | 16.3 | 17.7 | 17.3 | 16.9 |
Netherlands | 30.5 | 39.7 | 36.9 | 35.7 | 35.7 | 37.0 | 39.3 | 40.0 | 39.2 | 38.0 |
New Zealand | 24.5 | 36.2 | 32.5 | 33.9 | 30.3 | 31.5 | 31.4 | 33.7 | 34.6 | 33.8 |
Norway | 29.4 | 40.2 | 41.6 | 41.8 | 41.6 | 38.2 | 39.7 | 38.7 | 42.4 | 44.3 |
Poland1 | .. | .. | 32.9 | 34.6 | 31.6 | 32.5 | 35.2 | 35.6 | 36.7 | 35.2 |
Portugal | 15.7 | 26.5 | 30.9 | 31.8 | 30.4 | 34.4 | 34.5 | 35.2 | 35.3 | 36.4 |
Slovak Republic | .. | .. | 33.6 | 29.2 | 27.9 | 32.5 | 34.5 | 34.8 | 35.4 | 34.8 |
Slovenia1 | .. | .. | 37.7 | 38.0 | 37.8 | 37.3 | 37.2 | 37.2 | 37.9 | 37.4 |
Spain | 14.3 | 31.5 | 33.0 | 36.4 | 31.3 | 33.8 | 34.7 | 36.8 | 37.8 | 37.5 |
Sweden | 30.9 | 48.8 | 50.0 | 44.9 | 42.9 | 42.6 | 42.8 | 42.4 | 42.7 | 41.3 |
Switzerland1 | 16.0 | 23.2 | 27.0 | 25.5 | 25.8 | 27.0 | 27.7 | 28.0 | 28.5 | 27.2 |
Türkiye | 10.6 | 14.5 | 23.5 | 22.9 | 24.7 | 25.0 | 23.1 | 23.9 | 22.8 | 20.8 |
United Kingdom | 30.1 | 32.9 | 32.6 | 33.0 | 32.0 | 31.9 | 32.5 | 32.8 | 34.4 | 35.3 |
United States | 23.6 | 26.0 | 28.3 | 26.7 | 23.4 | 26.2 | 25.1 | 25.7 | 26.5 | 27.7 |
OECD Average2 | 24.9 | 30.8 | 32.9 | 32.8 | 31.5 | 32.9 | 33.4 | 33.6 | 34.2 | 34.0 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
← 2. Calculated by applying the unweighted average percentage change for 2022 in the 36 countries providing data for that year to the overall average tax to GDP ratio in 2021. | ||||||||||
Table 3.2. Total tax revenue in billions of US dollars at market exchange rates | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1965 | 1990 | 2000 | 2007 | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022p | |
Australia | 5.6 | 90.8 | 117.3 | 289.9 | 346.5 | 344.3 | 379.6 | 423.8 | 490.7 | .. |
Austria1 | .. | 68.6 | 83.2 | 157.6 | 160.5 | 164.7 | 189.5 | 182.7 | 207.9 | 202.6 |
Belgium1 | .. | 89.4 | 103.6 | 201.9 | 206.2 | 203.9 | 227.1 | 221.5 | 252.7 | 245.2 |
Canada | 14.2 | 210.1 | 260.0 | 477.2 | 501.4 | 511.1 | 576.8 | 571.7 | 679.1 | 710.5 |
Chile | .. | 5.8 | 14.6 | 39.4 | 42.8 | 49.7 | 58.3 | 49.0 | 70.4 | 72.0 |
Colombia | .. | 5.1 | 14.7 | 39.8 | 51.8 | 58.4 | 63.7 | 50.8 | 61.3 | 67.8 |
Costa Rica | .. | 1.3 | 3.2 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 13.0 | 15.1 | 14.1 | 16.1 | 17.5 |
Czechia | .. | .. | 20.0 | 64.9 | 67.4 | 62.3 | 87.8 | 85.5 | 97.9 | 98.6 |
Denmark1 | 3.0 | 61.4 | 76.9 | 148.3 | 144.2 | 139.5 | 162.5 | 167.6 | 192.4 | 167.6 |
Estonia | .. | .. | 1.8 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
Finland | .. | 49.6 | 57.5 | 106.0 | 101.1 | 102.1 | 113.5 | 113.5 | 128.1 | 121.5 |
France1 | .. | 550.7 | 591.8 | 1 130.7 | 1 113.7 | 1 104.3 | 1 224.8 | 1 194.3 | 1 335.9 | 1 280.5 |
Germany | .. | 577.4 | 706.9 | 1 210.4 | 1 206.8 | 1 252.2 | 1 501.8 | 1 471.2 | 1 682.0 | 1 602.9 |
Greece | .. | 14.6 | 43.5 | 101.3 | 95.9 | 71.6 | 81.0 | 73.2 | 84.6 | 89.7 |
Hungary | .. | .. | 18.2 | 55.0 | 48.7 | 48.4 | 59.6 | 56.6 | 61.5 | 59.3 |
Iceland | 0.1 | 2.0 | 3.2 | 8.3 | 4.4 | 6.2 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 9.7 |
Ireland | 0.7 | 15.6 | 30.7 | 83.2 | 61.5 | 67.6 | 87.3 | 84.4 | 106.2 | 111.5 |
Israel | .. | .. | 46.4 | 61.3 | 72.3 | 94.2 | 120.8 | 122.3 | 159.1 | 173.0 |
Italy | .. | 336.6 | 463.6 | 918.8 | 889.9 | 788.9 | 850.1 | 805.8 | 912.9 | 879.2 |
Japan | 17.1 | 920.0 | 1 224.6 | 1 281.0 | 1 545.1 | 1 386.4 | 1 617.3 | 1 649.3 | 1 631.4 | .. |
Korea | .. | 52.6 | 120.5 | 278.2 | 256.2 | 347.9 | 449.7 | 456.3 | 540.9 | 535.3 |
Latvia | .. | .. | 1.8 | 8.8 | 6.8 | 8.1 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 12.4 |
Lithuania1 | .. | .. | 3.8 | 11.9 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 16.6 | 17.7 | 21.3 | 22.4 |
Luxembourg1 | .. | 4.7 | 7.8 | 18.4 | 20.0 | 20.9 | 27.6 | 28.1 | 32.9 | 31.4 |
Mexico | .. | 35.9 | 81.2 | 126.5 | 135.9 | 186.1 | 207.9 | 193.9 | 220.2 | 240.1 |
Netherlands | .. | 132.6 | 153.7 | 302.5 | 301.9 | 283.3 | 357.3 | 363.1 | 403.5 | 383.0 |
New Zealand | 1.4 | 16.1 | 17.3 | 46.0 | 47.0 | 56.8 | 65.1 | 78.2 | 84.0 | 84.9 |
Norway | 2.4 | 48.2 | 71.4 | 168.5 | 179.3 | 148.2 | 162.4 | 142.4 | 208.1 | 256.7 |
Poland1 | .. | .. | 56.6 | 148.7 | 150.4 | 154.9 | 209.7 | 213.2 | 250.1 | 243.0 |
Portugal | .. | 18.8 | 36.6 | 76.5 | 72.2 | 68.5 | 82.8 | 80.3 | 89.7 | 91.6 |
Slovak Republic | .. | .. | 9.8 | 25.3 | 25.4 | 28.9 | 36.5 | 37.0 | 42.0 | 40.2 |
Slovenia1 | .. | .. | 6.6 | 18.3 | 18.2 | 16.1 | 20.2 | 20.0 | 23.5 | 22.4 |
Spain | .. | 131.6 | 197.3 | 536.1 | 444.4 | 404.6 | 483.3 | 469.8 | 546.4 | 531.2 |
Sweden | 7.8 | 127.7 | 131.5 | 220.7 | 212.7 | 215.5 | 228.7 | 232.2 | 272.9 | 244.4 |
Switzerland1 | 2.6 | 61.6 | 75.5 | 125.4 | 154.6 | 187.1 | 199.5 | 207.1 | 228.0 | 220.0 |
Türkiye | 1.3 | 30.2 | 64.5 | 156.2 | 192.0 | 215.5 | 175.7 | 171.7 | 186.8 | 188.4 |
United Kingdom | 30.6 | 359.4 | 544.0 | 1 019.7 | 797.3 | 935.6 | 928.2 | 886.7 | 1 073.9 | 1 084.0 |
United States | 167.0 | 1 552.4 | 2 900.5 | 3 868.6 | 3 517.1 | 4 773.7 | 5 372.5 | 5 419.8 | 6 178.0 | 7 041.9 |
OECD Average | 19.5 | 192.1 | 220.1 | 356.4 | 347.8 | 382.6 | 433.4 | 431.1 | 489.6 | .. |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.3. Tax revenue of main headings as % of GDP, 2021 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Memorandum item: supranational revenues | |||||||
1000 Income & profits | 2000 Social security | 3000 Payroll | 4000 Property | 5000 Goods and services3 | 6000 Others | ||
Australia | 18.1 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 3.2 | 6.9 | 0.0 | .. |
Austria1 | 12.8 | 15.3 | 2.8 | 0.6 | 11.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Belgium1 | 15.2 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 10.7 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
Canada | 17.3 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 7.3 | 0.0 | .. |
Chile | 8.5 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 11.8 | -0.3 | .. |
Colombia | 6.1 | 1.9 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 8.3 | 0.9 | .. |
Costa Rica | 5.1 | 9.0 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 8.7 | 0.2 | .. |
Czechia | 7.2 | 16.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 10.9 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Denmark1 | 31.5 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.8 | 13.8 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Estonia | 8.4 | 11.6 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 13.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Finland | 15.6 | 12.0 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 14.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
France1 | 12.0 | 14.8 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 12.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 |
Germany | 12.8 | 14.8 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 10.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Greece | 8.1 | 12.9 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 15.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Hungary | 5.5 | 10.5 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 15.9 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Iceland | 17.5 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 11.8 | 0.4 | .. |
Ireland | 10.3 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 5.9 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Israel | 11.6 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 11.0 | 0.0 | .. |
Italy | 13.5 | 13.2 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 11.9 | 1.2 | 0.2 |
Japan | 10.9 | 13.3 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 7.1 | 0.1 | .. |
Korea | 9.9 | 7.8 | 0.1 | 4.5 | 6.9 | 0.6 | .. |
Latvia | 6.8 | 9.5 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 13.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Lithuania1 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 12.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Luxembourg1 | 14.6 | 10.6 | 0.0 | 4.0 | 9.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
Mexico | 7.4 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 6.4 | 0.3 | .. |
Netherlands | 12.4 | 12.9 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 12.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
New Zealand | 20.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 12.4 | 0.0 | .. |
Norway | 20.8 | 9.5 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 10.8 | 0.0 | .. |
Poland1 | 8.0 | 13.0 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 13.9 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Portugal | 9.4 | 10.4 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 13.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Slovak Republic | 7.7 | 15.2 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 12.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Slovenia1 | 7.9 | 16.4 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 13.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Spain | 11.3 | 13.4 | 0.0 | 2.7 | 10.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Sweden | 15.7 | 8.9 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 11.9 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Switzerland1 | 13.6 | 6.9 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 5.6 | 0.1 | .. |
Türkiye | 5.5 | 6.5 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 9.6 | 0.2 | .. |
United Kingdom2 | 12.9 | 6.8 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 10.5 | 0.0 | .. |
United States | 13.0 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 3.1 | 4.4 | 0.0 | .. |
OECD Average | 12.0 | 9.0 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 10.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | |||||||
← 2. Supranational taxes reported by the United Kingdom are reported until 2020 in Revenue Statistics. From 2021, at the end of the Brexit transition period, this came to an end and taxes subsequently introduced by the United Kingdom are reflected in the appropriate tax category at the national or subnational levels of government, as appropriate. | |||||||
← 3. The figures in category 5000 include supranational revenues, which are also presented separately under the Supranational heading. | |||||||
Table 3.4. Tax revenue of main headings as % of total tax revenue, 2021 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Memorandum item: supranational revenues | |||||||
1000 Income & profits | 2000 Social security | 3000 Payroll | 4000 Property | 5000 Goods and services3 | 6000 Others | ||
Australia | 61.5 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 10.9 | 23.3 | 0.0 | .. |
Austria1 | 29.5 | 35.4 | 6.5 | 1.5 | 26.7 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Belgium1 | 35.7 | 30.6 | 0.0 | 8.4 | 25.2 | 0.0 | 0.9 |
Canada | 51.0 | 14.0 | 2.2 | 11.3 | 21.4 | 0.1 | .. |
Chile | 38.3 | 5.3 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 53.1 | -1.5 | .. |
Colombia | 31.9 | 10.0 | 1.7 | 8.7 | 43.3 | 4.4 | .. |
Costa Rica | 20.6 | 36.0 | 5.7 | 2.1 | 34.8 | 0.8 | .. |
Czechia | 20.8 | 47.3 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 31.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Denmark1 | 66.4 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 3.9 | 29.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Estonia | 24.9 | 34.7 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 39.8 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
Finland | 36.1 | 27.9 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 32.4 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
France1 | 26.6 | 32.8 | 4.1 | 8.5 | 27.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
Germany | 32.6 | 37.6 | 0.0 | 3.2 | 26.6 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Greece | 20.7 | 32.8 | 0.0 | 7.4 | 39.2 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Hungary | 16.2 | 31.0 | 3.2 | 2.6 | 47.1 | -0.1 | 0.4 |
Iceland | 50.0 | 8.5 | 0.8 | 5.9 | 33.6 | 1.2 | .. |
Ireland | 49.8 | 15.2 | 0.9 | 5.4 | 28.7 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
Israel | 35.6 | 15.5 | 3.1 | 12.1 | 33.7 | 0.0 | .. |
Italy | 31.8 | 31.2 | 0.0 | 5.8 | 28.2 | 2.9 | 0.5 |
Japan | 31.9 | 39.2 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 20.8 | 0.3 | .. |
Korea | 33.2 | 26.2 | 0.3 | 15.1 | 23.1 | 2.1 | .. |
Latvia | 22.4 | 31.1 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 43.6 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
Lithuania1 | 29.8 | 31.8 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 37.4 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Luxembourg1 | 38.1 | 27.5 | 0.0 | 10.5 | 23.8 | 0.1 | 1.0 |
Mexico | 42.7 | 13.7 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 37.0 | 1.8 | .. |
Netherlands | 31.6 | 33.0 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 30.9 | 0.3 | 1.2 |
New Zealand | 58.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.5 | 35.9 | 0.0 | .. |
Norway | 49.0 | 22.5 | 0.1 | 3.0 | 25.4 | 0.0 | .. |
Poland1 | 21.7 | 35.3 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 37.9 | 0.1 | 0.6 |
Portugal | 26.6 | 29.5 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 39.0 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
Slovak Republic | 21.7 | 43.0 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 34.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
Slovenia1 | 20.8 | 43.2 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 34.2 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Spain | 29.8 | 35.5 | 0.0 | 7.2 | 27.4 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
Sweden | 36.9 | 20.9 | 12.0 | 2.2 | 27.9 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
Switzerland1 | 47.7 | 24.2 | 0.0 | 8.0 | 19.6 | 0.5 | .. |
Türkiye | 24.0 | 28.6 | 0.0 | 4.2 | 42.1 | 1.0 | .. |
United Kingdom2 | 37.6 | 19.9 | 0.4 | 11.5 | 30.6 | 0.0 | .. |
United States | 49.0 | 22.9 | 0.1 | 11.6 | 16.6 | 0.0 | .. |
OECD Average | 35.1 | 25.6 | 1.3 | 5.6 | 31.9 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | |||||||
← 2. Supranational taxes reported by the United Kingdom are reported until 2020 in Revenue Statistics. From 2021, at the end of the Brexit transition period, this came to an end and taxes subsequently introduced by the United Kingdom are reflected in the appropriate tax category at the national or subnational levels of government, as appropriate. | |||||||
← 3. The figures in category 5000 include supranational revenues, which are also presented separately under the Supranational heading. | |||||||
Table 3.5. Tax revenue of main headings as % of GDP, 2022p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Memorandum item: supranational revenues | |||||||
1000 Income & profits | 2000 Social security | 3000 Payroll | 4000 Property | 5000 Goods and services3 | 6000 Others | ||
Australia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Austria1 | 13.3 | 14.7 | 2.7 | 0.6 | 11.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Belgium1 | 15.9 | 12.9 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 10.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Canada | 16.9 | 4.7 | 0.7 | 3.5 | 7.3 | 0.0 | .. |
Chile | 10.5 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 11.5 | -0.2 | .. |
Colombia | 6.6 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 8.8 | 0.9 | .. |
Costa Rica | 5.5 | 8.9 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 8.3 | 0.9 | .. |
Czechia | 7.1 | 15.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 10.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Denmark1 | 27.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 12.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Estonia | 7.9 | 11.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 13.3 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Finland | 15.9 | 11.9 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 13.8 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
France1 | 12.9 | 15.0 | 1.9 | 3.7 | 12.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
Germany | 13.1 | 14.6 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 10.5 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Greece | 8.3 | 12.1 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 17.3 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Hungary | 5.6 | 9.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 16.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Iceland | 17.8 | 3.0 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 11.5 | 0.4 | .. |
Ireland | 11.0 | 3.2 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Israel | 12.3 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 4.0 | 10.7 | 0.0 | .. |
Italy | 14.1 | 13.2 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 11.8 | 1.4 | 0.3 |
Japan | 11.0 | .. | 0.0 | 2.7 | 7.1 | 0.1 | .. |
Korea | 11.9 | 8.2 | 0.1 | 3.8 | 7.3 | 0.7 | .. |
Latvia | 6.8 | 9.2 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 13.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Lithuania1 | 10.0 | 9.9 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 11.6 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Luxembourg1 | 14.8 | 10.7 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 9.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Mexico | 8.0 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 0.4 | .. |
Netherlands | 12.5 | 12.6 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 11.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
New Zealand | 20.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 11.9 | 0.0 | .. |
Norway | 26.8 | 7.7 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 8.6 | 0.0 | .. |
Poland1 | 7.3 | 13.7 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 11.3 | 1.3 | 0.2 |
Portugal | 10.5 | 10.3 | 0.0 | 1.5 | 13.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Slovak Republic | 7.9 | 14.6 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 11.9 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
Slovenia1 | 7.5 | 16.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 13.2 | 0.0 | 0.2 |
Spain | 11.8 | 12.8 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 10.4 | 0.0 | 0.3 |
Sweden | 14.7 | 8.7 | 5.0 | 0.9 | 12.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
Switzerland1 | 12.7 | 6.8 | 0.0 | 2.2 | 5.4 | 0.1 | .. |
Türkiye | 5.8 | 5.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 9.1 | 0.2 | .. |
United Kingdom2 | 13.3 | 7.1 | 0.1 | 4.0 | 10.8 | 0.0 | .. |
United States | 14.3 | 6.1 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 0.0 | .. |
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | |||||||
← 2. Supranational taxes reported by the United Kingdom are reported until 2020 in Revenue Statistics. From 2021, at the end of the Brexit transition period, this came to an end and taxes subsequently introduced by the United Kingdom are reflected in the appropriate tax category at the national or subnational levels of government, as appropriate. | |||||||
← 3. The figures in category 5000 include supranational revenues, which are also presented separately under the Supranational heading. | |||||||
Table 3.6. Tax revenue of main headings as % of total tax revenue, 2022p | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Memorandum item: supranational revenues | |||||||
1000 Income & profits | 2000 Social security | 3000 Payroll | 4000 Property | 5000 Goods and services3 | 6000 Others | ||
Australia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Austria1 | 30.9 | 34.1 | 6.3 | 1.4 | 27.0 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Belgium1 | 37.4 | 30.5 | 0.0 | 7.7 | 24.4 | 0.0 | 1.2 |
Canada | 50.9 | 14.3 | 2.2 | 10.5 | 21.9 | 0.1 | .. |
Chile | 43.7 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 5.1 | 47.8 | -0.8 | .. |
Colombia | 33.2 | 8.3 | 1.5 | 7.8 | 44.8 | 4.4 | .. |
Costa Rica | 21.5 | 34.8 | 5.7 | 2.0 | 32.6 | 3.5 | .. |
Czechia | 20.9 | 46.6 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 32.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
Denmark1 | 64.6 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 4.1 | 30.6 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
Estonia | 24.2 | 34.8 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 40.5 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
Finland | 36.9 | 27.6 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 32.0 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
France1 | 27.9 | 32.5 | 4.1 | 8.0 | 26.5 | 1.0 | 0.6 |
Germany | 33.3 | 37.2 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 26.7 | 0.0 | 0.7 |
Greece | 20.3 | 29.5 | 0.0 | 7.9 | 42.3 | 0.0 | 0.6 |
Hungary | 16.9 | 28.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 49.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Iceland | 50.9 | 8.6 | 0.8 | 5.7 | 32.8 | 1.1 | .. |
Ireland | 52.6 | 15.1 | 0.9 | 4.9 | 26.4 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
Israel | 37.2 | 15.3 | 2.8 | 12.3 | 32.4 | 0.0 | .. |
Italy | 32.8 | 30.6 | 0.0 | 5.7 | 27.5 | 3.3 | 0.6 |
Japan | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Korea | 37.4 | 25.6 | 0.3 | 11.9 | 22.7 | 2.2 | .. |
Latvia | 22.4 | 30.6 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 44.5 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
Lithuania1 | 31.4 | 31.1 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 36.6 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
Luxembourg1 | 38.3 | 27.6 | 0.0 | 9.6 | 24.5 | 0.1 | 0.9 |
Mexico | 47.3 | 14.1 | 2.9 | 1.9 | 31.1 | 2.7 | .. |
Netherlands | 32.9 | 33.2 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 29.6 | 0.3 | 1.4 |
New Zealand | 59.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.6 | 35.1 | 0.0 | .. |
Norway | 60.4 | 17.4 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 19.5 | 0.0 | .. |
Poland1 | 20.7 | 38.8 | 1.6 | 3.3 | 32.0 | 3.6 | 0.7 |
Portugal | 28.7 | 28.4 | 0.0 | 4.2 | 38.2 | 0.5 | 0.6 |
Slovak Republic | 22.7 | 41.9 | 0.0 | 1.2 | 34.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 |
Slovenia1 | 20.0 | 42.9 | 0.1 | 1.6 | 35.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 |
Spain | 31.4 | 34.1 | 0.0 | 6.8 | 27.7 | 0.0 | 0.8 |
Sweden | 35.5 | 21.0 | 12.1 | 2.2 | 29.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Switzerland1 | 46.5 | 24.8 | 0.0 | 8.2 | 19.9 | 0.5 | .. |
Türkiye | 27.7 | 23.8 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 43.9 | 1.1 | .. |
United Kingdom2 | 37.6 | 20.1 | 0.4 | 11.3 | 30.6 | 0.0 | .. |
United States | 51.8 | 21.9 | 0.0 | 10.6 | 15.7 | 0.0 | .. |
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | |||||||
← 2. Supranational taxes reported by the United Kingdom are reported until 2020 in Revenue Statistics. From 2021, at the end of the Brexit transition period, this came to an end and taxes subsequently introduced by the United Kingdom are reflected in the appropriate tax category at the national or subnational levels of government, as appropriate. | |||||||
← 3. The figures in category 5000 include supranational revenues, which are also presented separately under the Supranational heading. | |||||||
Table 3.7. Taxes on income and profits (1000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | % of total tax revenue | |||||||||
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Australia | 16.0 | 17.6 | 14.3 | 16.7 | 18.1 | 57.1 | 57.9 | 56.7 | 58.9 | 61.5 |
Austria1 | 10.0 | 12.0 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 12.8 | 25.5 | 28.3 | 28.1 | 27.8 | 29.5 |
Belgium1 | 15.3 | 16.9 | 14.7 | 15.0 | 15.2 | 36.9 | 38.6 | 34.2 | 35.6 | 35.7 |
Canada | 17.0 | 17.4 | 14.5 | 17.7 | 17.3 | 48.6 | 50.1 | 46.6 | 51.0 | 51.0 |
Chile | 3.9 | 4.4 | 7.5 | 6.2 | 8.5 | 23.2 | 23.3 | 38.1 | 32.3 | 38.3 |
Colombia | 3.4 | 3.6 | 4.8 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 29.9 | 23.2 | 26.6 | 32.9 | 31.9 |
Costa Rica | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 10.0 | 13.2 | 17.1 | 20.1 | 20.6 |
Czechia | .. | 7.4 | 6.5 | 8.0 | 7.2 | .. | 22.8 | 20.2 | 22.9 | 20.8 |
Denmark1 | 27.2 | 28.8 | 27.5 | 30.6 | 31.5 | 61.2 | 61.4 | 61.5 | 64.7 | 66.4 |
Estonia | .. | 7.7 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 8.4 | .. | 24.8 | 19.8 | 23.0 | 24.9 |
Finland | 16.8 | 19.7 | 14.4 | 14.7 | 15.6 | 39.2 | 43.1 | 35.5 | 35.1 | 36.1 |
France1 | 6.6 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 11.9 | 12.0 | 16.1 | 24.8 | 22.6 | 26.2 | 26.6 |
Germany | 11.3 | 11.0 | 10.1 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 32.4 | 30.1 | 28.3 | 31.3 | 32.6 |
Greece | 5.0 | 9.0 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 19.9 | 26.8 | 22.0 | 20.4 | 20.7 |
Hungary | .. | 9.4 | 7.6 | 6.5 | 5.5 | .. | 24.3 | 20.7 | 18.2 | 16.2 |
Iceland | 9.0 | 14.3 | 14.3 | 18.6 | 17.5 | 29.7 | 39.9 | 44.3 | 51.1 | 50.0 |
Ireland | 12.3 | 13.4 | 11.1 | 9.7 | 10.3 | 38.0 | 43.6 | 40.1 | 49.1 | 49.8 |
Israel | .. | 13.4 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 11.6 | .. | 39.4 | 29.0 | 33.0 | 35.6 |
Italy | 13.2 | 13.4 | 13.6 | 14.0 | 13.5 | 36.5 | 33.2 | 32.7 | 32.8 | 31.8 |
Japan | 13.9 | 8.8 | 7.9 | 10.0 | 10.9 | 50.2 | 34.8 | 30.2 | 30.4 | 31.9 |
Korea | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 8.6 | 9.9 | 32.8 | 28.8 | 28.0 | 30.9 | 33.2 |
Latvia | .. | 7.0 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 6.8 | .. | 24.1 | 25.0 | 21.5 | 22.4 |
Lithuania1 | .. | 8.3 | 4.6 | 8.9 | 9.6 | .. | 27.0 | 16.2 | 28.6 | 29.8 |
Luxembourg1 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 12.9 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 40.2 | 36.5 | 36.2 | 38.0 | 38.1 |
Mexico | 4.1 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 7.5 | 7.4 | 34.0 | 36.0 | 39.8 | 42.6 | 42.7 |
Netherlands | 12.8 | 9.6 | 9.9 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 32.3 | 25.9 | 27.9 | 30.7 | 31.6 |
New Zealand | 21.6 | 19.5 | 16.3 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 59.6 | 60.0 | 53.8 | 56.5 | 58.6 |
Norway | 14.2 | 18.8 | 19.7 | 14.1 | 20.8 | 35.2 | 45.3 | 47.3 | 36.3 | 49.0 |
Poland1 | .. | 6.7 | 6.3 | 7.5 | 8.0 | .. | 20.4 | 20.1 | 21.2 | 21.7 |
Portugal | 6.8 | 9.1 | 8.1 | 9.7 | 9.4 | 25.7 | 29.4 | 26.7 | 27.7 | 26.6 |
Slovak Republic | .. | 6.9 | 5.2 | 7.0 | 7.7 | .. | 20.5 | 18.8 | 20.1 | 21.7 |
Slovenia1 | .. | 6.8 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.9 | .. | 18.0 | 19.6 | 19.4 | 20.8 |
Spain | 9.7 | 9.3 | 8.7 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 30.6 | 28.1 | 28.0 | 29.1 | 29.8 |
Sweden | 20.3 | 21.4 | 15.3 | 15.3 | 15.7 | 41.6 | 42.7 | 35.7 | 35.9 | 36.9 |
Switzerland1 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 46.8 | 43.8 | 45.7 | 46.2 | 47.7 |
Türkiye | 4.9 | 6.9 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 33.5 | 29.5 | 21.3 | 21.9 | 24.0 |
United Kingdom | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.0 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 39.3 | 39.6 | 37.3 | 36.0 | 37.6 |
United States | 11.8 | 14.2 | 9.9 | 11.9 | 13.0 | 45.2 | 50.1 | 42.3 | 46.1 | 49.0 |
OECD Average | 11.5 | 11.4 | 10.2 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 36.2 | 33.9 | 32.2 | 33.8 | 35.1 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.8. Taxes on personal income (1100) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | % of total tax revenue | |||||||||
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Australia | 12.1 | 11.5 | 9.7 | 11.4 | 11.5 | 43.0 | 37.7 | 38.7 | 40.1 | 39.0 |
Austria1 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 21.0 | 22.0 | 22.4 | 22.2 | 22.4 |
Belgium1 | 13.2 | 13.8 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 11.3 | 32.0 | 31.4 | 28.2 | 27.8 | 26.7 |
Canada | 14.3 | 12.8 | 10.9 | 13.0 | 12.3 | 40.8 | 36.8 | 35.0 | 37.4 | 36.3 |
Chile | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 5.6 | 7.6 | 6.8 | 10.2 | 10.8 |
Colombia | 0.2 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 6.9 |
Costa Rica | .. | .. | 1.0 | 1.5 | 1.6 | .. | .. | 4.6 | 6.8 | 6.2 |
Czechia | .. | 4.2 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 3.2 | .. | 12.9 | 10.2 | 13.5 | 9.3 |
Denmark1 | 24.0 | 24.7 | 23.3 | 25.6 | 25.0 | 54.0 | 52.6 | 52.0 | 54.1 | 52.8 |
Estonia | .. | 6.8 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 6.8 | .. | 22.0 | 15.9 | 18.1 | 20.4 |
Finland | 14.9 | 14.0 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 12.9 | 34.7 | 30.6 | 29.5 | 30.0 | 29.8 |
France1 | 4.4 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 9.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 17.9 | 17.0 | 21.1 | 21.0 |
Germany | 9.6 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 27.6 | 25.3 | 24.1 | 27.0 | 26.6 |
Greece | 3.6 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 6.3 | 6.0 | 14.1 | 13.0 | 12.4 | 16.3 | 15.2 |
Hungary | .. | 7.2 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 4.1 | .. | 18.6 | 17.4 | 14.6 | 12.1 |
Iceland | 8.2 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 15.7 | 14.5 | 26.9 | 34.8 | 36.4 | 43.1 | 41.4 |
Ireland | 10.7 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 6.5 | 6.8 | 33.1 | 31.9 | 31.6 | 32.9 | 32.7 |
Israel | .. | 9.9 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 7.2 | .. | 28.9 | 17.9 | 21.7 | 22.0 |
Italy | 9.5 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 26.3 | 24.8 | 26.9 | 26.8 | 25.9 |
Japan | 7.7 | 5.3 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 27.8 | 21.0 | 18.6 | 18.7 | 18.9 |
Korea | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 5.2 | 6.1 | 20.0 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 18.8 | 20.4 |
Latvia | .. | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.0 | 6.0 | .. | 18.8 | 21.6 | 19.2 | 19.6 |
Lithuania1 | .. | 7.6 | 3.6 | 7.3 | 7.5 | .. | 24.8 | 12.7 | 23.3 | 23.4 |
Luxembourg1 | 8.3 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 9.7 | 10.1 | 24.1 | 18.5 | 20.9 | 25.5 | 26.3 |
Mexico | .. | .. | 2.3 | 3.7 | 3.6 | .. | .. | 18.3 | 21.0 | 21.1 |
Netherlands | 9.8 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 9.2 | 8.5 | 24.7 | 15.1 | 21.5 | 22.9 | 21.8 |
New Zealand | 17.4 | 14.0 | 11.4 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 48.0 | 43.1 | 37.7 | 38.5 | 40.9 |
Norway | 10.5 | 10.1 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 10.8 | 26.2 | 24.2 | 23.7 | 29.1 | 25.4 |
Poland1 | .. | 4.3 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | .. | 13.2 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 14.6 |
Portugal | 4.2 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 15.9 | 17.0 | 17.7 | 19.8 | 19.8 |
Slovak Republic | .. | 3.3 | 2.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | .. | 9.9 | 9.3 | 10.8 | 10.6 |
Slovenia1 | .. | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.2 | 5.4 | .. | 14.6 | 14.7 | 14.1 | 14.3 |
Spain | 6.9 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 21.7 | 19.3 | 22.1 | 23.7 | 22.8 |
Sweden | 18.8 | 17.7 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.4 | 38.5 | 35.4 | 28.1 | 29.0 | 29.1 |
Switzerland1 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 8.2 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 32.3 | 29.4 | 31.8 | 32.1 | 30.3 |
Türkiye | 3.9 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 26.8 | 22.2 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 13.3 |
United Kingdom | 9.7 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 29.4 | 29.0 | 28.5 | 28.7 | 29.2 |
United States | 9.8 | 11.9 | 8.1 | 10.6 | 11.4 | 37.7 | 42.2 | 34.8 | 41.0 | 42.9 |
OECD Average | 9.3 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 27.6 | 24.1 | 22.0 | 24.1 | 23.7 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.9. Taxes on corporate income (1200) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | % of total tax revenue | |||||||||
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Australia | 4.0 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 14.1 | 20.2 | 17.9 | 18.8 | 22.5 |
Austria1 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 6.4 |
Belgium1 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 5.9 | 7.7 | 9.0 |
Canada | 2.5 | 4.2 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 7.0 | 12.2 | 10.5 | 12.6 | 13.5 |
Chile | 2.1 | 2.1 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 3.8 | 12.4 | 11.2 | 20.4 | 24.3 | 17.1 |
Colombia | 1.6 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 13.9 | 16.7 | 20.7 | 23.1 | 23.7 |
Costa Rica | .. | .. | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.4 | .. | .. | 10.3 | 8.4 | 9.7 |
Czechia | .. | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 4.0 | .. | 9.9 | 10.0 | 9.4 | 11.4 |
Denmark1 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 5.1 | 6.2 | 8.3 |
Estonia | .. | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | .. | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.9 | 4.6 |
Finland | 1.9 | 5.7 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 4.5 | 12.5 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 6.3 |
France1 | 2.2 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 5.5 | 5.1 | 5.6 |
Germany | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 4.8 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 6.0 |
Greece | 1.4 | 4.0 | 2.6 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 5.5 | 11.9 | 7.9 | 3.1 | 4.5 |
Hungary | .. | 2.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.4 | .. | 5.7 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.1 |
Iceland | 0.8 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 2.2 | 2.0 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 6.1 | 5.7 |
Ireland | 1.6 | 3.6 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 3.5 | 4.9 | 11.7 | 8.5 | 16.1 | 17.1 |
Israel | .. | 3.2 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.6 | .. | 9.5 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 11.0 |
Italy | 3.6 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 10.0 | 6.9 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 4.4 |
Japan | 6.2 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 22.4 | 13.7 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 13.1 |
Korea | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 12.8 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 12.1 | 12.8 |
Latvia | .. | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | .. | 5.3 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 2.8 |
Lithuania1 | .. | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 2.1 | .. | 2.2 | 3.5 | 5.3 | 6.4 |
Luxembourg1 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 16.1 | 18.0 | 15.3 | 12.5 | 11.8 |
Mexico | .. | .. | 1.8 | 3.6 | 3.5 | .. | .. | 14.4 | 20.1 | 20.2 |
Netherlands | 3.0 | 4.0 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 3.8 | 7.5 | 10.9 | 6.4 | 7.8 | 9.8 |
New Zealand | 2.3 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 12.4 | 12.2 | 15.4 | 15.7 |
Norway | 3.6 | 8.8 | 9.8 | 2.8 | 10.0 | 9.0 | 21.0 | 23.6 | 7.2 | 23.6 |
Poland1 | .. | 2.4 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.6 | .. | 7.3 | 6.2 | 6.4 | 7.1 |
Portugal | 2.1 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 8.0 | 11.9 | 9.0 | 7.9 | 6.8 |
Slovak Republic | .. | 2.6 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 3.6 | .. | 7.6 | 8.7 | 8.6 | 10.2 |
Slovenia1 | .. | 1.1 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.5 | .. | 3.0 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 6.5 |
Spain | 2.8 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 7.0 |
Sweden | 1.5 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 7.3 | 7.6 | 6.9 | 7.8 |
Switzerland1 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 10.1 | 11.0 | 10.9 |
Türkiye | 1.0 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 6.7 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 8.7 | 10.8 |
United Kingdom | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 9.9 | 10.6 | 8.9 | 7.3 | 8.5 |
United States | 2.0 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 5.1 | 6.1 |
OECD Average | 2.4 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.3 | 8.3 | 9.5 | 9.0 | 9.1 | 10.2 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.10. Social security contributions (2000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | % of total tax revenue | |||||||||
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Australia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Austria1 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 14.0 | 15.5 | 15.3 | 32.9 | 33.8 | 34.2 | 36.8 | 35.4 |
Belgium1 | 13.7 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 13.0 | 33.2 | 30.8 | 32.4 | 32.0 | 30.6 |
Canada | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.7 | 12.1 | 13.6 | 14.9 | 14.0 | 14.0 |
Chile | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 9.0 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 8.0 | 5.3 |
Colombia | 0.9 | 2.6 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 7.9 | 16.3 | 11.7 | 9.9 | 10.0 |
Costa Rica | 6.5 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 8.1 | 9.0 | 28.9 | 30.4 | 33.1 | 36.1 | 36.0 |
Czechia | .. | 14.3 | 14.4 | 15.8 | 16.4 | .. | 44.3 | 44.8 | 45.4 | 47.3 |
Denmark1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Estonia | .. | 10.9 | 12.7 | 12.1 | 11.6 | .. | 35.1 | 38.4 | 36.5 | 34.7 |
Finland | 11.0 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 11.5 | 12.0 | 25.6 | 25.2 | 29.7 | 27.4 | 27.9 |
France1 | 18.1 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 44.1 | 35.8 | 38.2 | 32.7 | 32.8 |
Germany | 13.0 | 14.2 | 13.8 | 15.1 | 14.8 | 37.5 | 39.0 | 38.9 | 39.7 | 37.6 |
Greece | 7.6 | 10.1 | 11.0 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 30.2 | 30.3 | 34.2 | 33.2 | 32.8 |
Hungary | .. | 11.3 | 11.6 | 11.1 | 10.5 | .. | 29.4 | 31.4 | 30.8 | 31.0 |
Iceland | 1.0 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 7.7 | 11.7 | 8.3 | 8.5 |
Ireland | 4.6 | 3.7 | 5.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 14.1 | 11.9 | 18.2 | 16.6 | 15.2 |
Israel | .. | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 5.0 | .. | 14.6 | 16.8 | 17.4 | 15.5 |
Italy | 11.9 | 11.6 | 13.0 | 13.5 | 13.2 | 32.9 | 28.5 | 31.1 | 31.8 | 31.2 |
Japan | 7.3 | 8.9 | 10.8 | 13.3 | 13.3 | 26.5 | 35.2 | 41.1 | 40.4 | 39.2 |
Korea | 1.9 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 7.8 | 7.8 | 10.1 | 16.7 | 23.3 | 28.0 | 26.2 |
Latvia | .. | 9.7 | 8.6 | 9.9 | 9.5 | .. | 33.5 | 30.1 | 31.8 | 31.1 |
Lithuania1 | .. | 9.9 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 10.2 | .. | 32.2 | 41.1 | 32.5 | 31.8 |
Luxembourg1 | 9.6 | 9.7 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 10.6 | 27.5 | 26.1 | 29.0 | 29.1 | 27.5 |
Mexico | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 16.8 | 18.0 | 16.2 | 13.9 | 13.7 |
Netherlands | 14.9 | 14.3 | 12.9 | 13.6 | 12.9 | 37.4 | 38.7 | 36.3 | 34.1 | 33.0 |
New Zealand | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Norway | 10.6 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 11.0 | 9.5 | 26.3 | 21.0 | 22.4 | 28.4 | 22.5 |
Poland1 | .. | 12.9 | 10.9 | 13.5 | 13.0 | .. | 39.2 | 34.4 | 37.9 | 35.3 |
Portugal | 7.2 | 7.9 | 8.6 | 10.4 | 10.4 | 27.2 | 25.6 | 28.4 | 29.7 | 29.5 |
Slovak Republic | .. | 13.9 | 11.9 | 15.2 | 15.2 | .. | 41.4 | 42.6 | 43.8 | 43.0 |
Slovenia1 | .. | 14.9 | 15.8 | 16.8 | 16.4 | .. | 39.6 | 41.8 | 45.1 | 43.2 |
Spain | 11.2 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 13.8 | 13.4 | 35.4 | 34.9 | 37.9 | 37.4 | 35.5 |
Sweden | 13.3 | 12.7 | 10.8 | 9.0 | 8.9 | 27.2 | 25.5 | 25.1 | 21.3 | 20.9 |
Switzerland1 | 5.4 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 6.9 | 23.3 | 24.2 | 23.7 | 25.2 | 24.2 |
Türkiye | 2.9 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 19.7 | 18.7 | 24.9 | 29.7 | 28.6 |
United Kingdom | 5.6 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 17.0 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.8 | 19.9 |
United States | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 25.6 | 23.6 | 26.1 | 24.5 | 22.9 |
OECD Average | 7.1 | 8.4 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 9.0 | 21.8 | 24.9 | 26.6 | 26.6 | 25.6 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.11. Taxes on payroll and workforce (3000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | % of total tax revenue | |||||||||
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Australia | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 6.1 | 4.5 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 4.3 |
Austria1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 6.5 | 6.5 |
Belgium1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Canada | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
Chile | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Colombia | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 2.0 | 1.7 |
Costa Rica | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 5.7 |
Czechia | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Denmark1 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 |
Estonia | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Finland | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
France1 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 |
Germany | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Greece | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Hungary | .. | 1.4 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 | .. | 3.6 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
Iceland | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
Ireland | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
Israel | .. | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | .. | 3.6 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.1 |
Italy | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Japan | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Korea | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Latvia | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Lithuania1 | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Luxembourg1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Mexico | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.8 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
Netherlands | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
New Zealand | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Norway | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Poland1 | .. | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.6 | .. | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.5 |
Portugal | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Slovak Republic | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Slovenia1 | .. | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | .. | 4.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
Spain | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Sweden | 1.2 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 7.0 | 12.0 | 12.0 |
Switzerland1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Türkiye | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
United Kingdom | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
United States | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
OECD Average | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.12. Taxes on property (4000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | % of total tax revenue | |||||||||
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Australia | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 9.0 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 10.9 |
Austria1 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
Belgium1 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.7 | 7.2 | 8.0 | 8.4 |
Canada | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 10.0 | 9.5 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 11.3 |
Chile | 1.0 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 4.9 |
Colombia | 0.2 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 2.2 | 6.6 | 8.7 | 9.7 | 8.7 |
Costa Rica | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 2.1 |
Czechia | .. | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. | 1.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Denmark1 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 4.3 | 3.3 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 3.9 |
Estonia | .. | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.2 | .. | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Finland | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
France1 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 6.3 | 6.9 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 8.5 |
Germany | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 3.3 | 3.2 |
Greece | 1.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 7.7 | 5.2 | 7.8 | 7.4 |
Hungary | .. | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | .. | 1.7 | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
Iceland | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 8.4 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 6.2 | 5.9 |
Ireland | 1.5 | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 5.7 | 5.1 | 5.0 | 5.4 |
Israel | .. | 3.2 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.9 | .. | 9.5 | 11.1 | 10.3 | 12.1 |
Italy | 0.8 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 5.7 | 5.8 |
Japan | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 8.1 | 7.9 |
Korea | 2.2 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 11.3 | 14.2 | 15.1 |
Latvia | .. | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | .. | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.9 |
Lithuania1 | .. | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | .. | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 0.9 |
Luxembourg1 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 2.5 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 8.4 | 10.7 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 10.5 |
Mexico | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.0 |
Netherlands | 1.5 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 5.3 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.1 |
New Zealand | 2.5 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 6.8 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 5.5 | 5.5 |
Norway | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 3.0 |
Poland1 | .. | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | .. | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3.6 | 3.5 |
Portugal | 0.7 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 4.1 | 4.3 |
Slovak Republic | .. | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | .. | 1.8 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
Slovenia1 | .. | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | .. | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
Spain | 1.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 7.2 |
Sweden | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
Switzerland1 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 7.7 | 8.1 | 8.0 |
Türkiye | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 4.4 | 4.2 |
United Kingdom | 2.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 8.2 | 11.4 | 12.0 | 11.5 | 11.5 |
United States | 3.1 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 11.7 | 10.3 | 13.5 | 12.2 | 11.6 |
OECD Average | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.6 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.13. Taxes on goods and services (5000) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | % of total tax revenue | |||||||||
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Australia | 7.8 | 8.8 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 6.9 | 27.8 | 28.8 | 28.8 | 26.5 | 23.3 |
Austria1 | 12.4 | 12.4 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 11.6 | 31.5 | 29.3 | 28.7 | 27.1 | 26.7 |
Belgium1 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 11.2 | 10.3 | 10.7 | 26.1 | 25.9 | 26.1 | 24.4 | 25.2 |
Canada | 9.1 | 8.4 | 7.4 | 7.3 | 7.3 | 25.8 | 24.2 | 24.0 | 20.9 | 21.4 |
Chile | 10.6 | 11.9 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 62.9 | 63.8 | 51.2 | 54.8 | 53.1 |
Colombia | 6.1 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 53.8 | 46.3 | 45.1 | 41.4 | 43.3 |
Costa Rica | 10.2 | 9.9 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 45.5 | 46.7 | 40.3 | 33.3 | 34.8 |
Czechia | .. | 10.2 | 10.9 | 10.8 | 10.9 | .. | 31.5 | 33.8 | 31.0 | 31.3 |
Denmark1 | 15.0 | 15.7 | 15.0 | 14.5 | 13.8 | 33.9 | 33.5 | 33.6 | 30.6 | 29.0 |
Estonia | .. | 12.1 | 13.5 | 13.3 | 13.4 | .. | 38.8 | 40.7 | 39.9 | 39.8 |
Finland | 14.0 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 14.0 | 32.5 | 29.2 | 32.0 | 33.8 | 32.4 |
France1 | 11.7 | 11.5 | 11.2 | 12.3 | 12.2 | 28.4 | 26.4 | 26.6 | 27.1 | 27.1 |
Germany | 9.3 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 9.7 | 10.5 | 26.7 | 28.5 | 30.5 | 25.7 | 26.6 |
Greece | 11.2 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 15.0 | 15.4 | 44.5 | 35.2 | 38.6 | 38.5 | 39.2 |
Hungary | .. | 15.6 | 15.9 | 16.2 | 15.9 | .. | 40.6 | 43.3 | 45.1 | 47.1 |
Iceland | 15.6 | 16.3 | 11.5 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 51.3 | 45.3 | 35.8 | 31.7 | 33.6 |
Ireland | 13.6 | 11.9 | 9.9 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 41.9 | 38.8 | 35.8 | 28.4 | 28.7 |
Israel | .. | 11.2 | 11.8 | 10.5 | 11.0 | .. | 32.9 | 39.2 | 35.3 | 33.7 |
Italy | 10.2 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 28.0 | 28.2 | 26.6 | 27.0 | 28.2 |
Japan | 3.8 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 6.9 | 7.1 | 13.7 | 19.3 | 18.7 | 20.9 | 20.8 |
Korea | 8.2 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 6.8 | 6.9 | 44.3 | 38.4 | 33.7 | 24.4 | 23.1 |
Latvia | .. | 11.2 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 13.3 | .. | 38.6 | 41.8 | 43.6 | 43.6 |
Lithuania1 | .. | 12.1 | 11.7 | 11.8 | 12.0 | .. | 39.4 | 41.4 | 37.9 | 37.4 |
Luxembourg1 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 9.9 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 23.6 | 26.6 | 27.6 | 22.8 | 23.8 |
Mexico | 5.3 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 44.0 | 41.7 | 38.0 | 37.2 | 37.0 |
Netherlands | 10.5 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 26.4 | 29.7 | 31.5 | 30.5 | 30.9 |
New Zealand | 12.1 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 12.8 | 12.4 | 33.6 | 34.7 | 39.6 | 38.0 | 35.9 |
Norway | 14.3 | 13.1 | 11.5 | 12.3 | 10.8 | 35.5 | 31.4 | 27.7 | 31.6 | 25.4 |
Poland1 | .. | 11.6 | 12.7 | 12.9 | 13.9 | .. | 35.3 | 40.3 | 36.2 | 37.9 |
Portugal | 11.7 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 13.8 | 44.2 | 41.0 | 40.8 | 37.9 | 39.0 |
Slovak Republic | .. | 12.2 | 10.4 | 12.1 | 12.0 | .. | 36.3 | 37.2 | 34.8 | 34.0 |
Slovenia1 | .. | 13.8 | 13.9 | 12.5 | 13.0 | .. | 36.6 | 36.8 | 33.6 | 34.2 |
Spain | 9.0 | 10.1 | 8.6 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 28.4 | 30.6 | 27.5 | 26.8 | 27.4 |
Sweden | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 25.0 | 24.2 | 29.7 | 28.4 | 27.9 |
Switzerland1 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 5.8 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 20.9 | 22.2 | 22.5 | 20.0 | 19.6 |
Türkiye | 4.1 | 9.9 | 11.8 | 10.2 | 9.6 | 27.9 | 42.0 | 47.7 | 42.9 | 42.1 |
United Kingdom | 10.2 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 10.3 | 10.5 | 31.0 | 32.2 | 31.8 | 31.3 | 30.6 |
United States | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 17.5 | 16.0 | 18.1 | 17.1 | 16.6 |
OECD Average | 9.9 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 33.7 | 33.9 | 34.0 | 32.1 | 31.9 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.14. Value added taxes (5111) as % of GDP and as % of total tax revenue | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% of GDP | % of total tax revenue | |||||||||
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | 1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2020 | 2021 | |
Australia | 0.0 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.0 | 11.1 | 13.1 | 12.4 | 11.1 |
Austria1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 20.8 | 18.7 | 18.7 | 17.6 | 17.5 |
Belgium1 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 16.4 | 16.1 | 16.2 | 15.0 | 16.0 |
Canada | 0.0 | 3.2 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 0.0 | 9.2 | 13.7 | 13.0 | 13.1 |
Chile | 6.3 | 7.8 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 9.5 | 37.4 | 41.8 | 38.5 | 41.1 | 42.6 |
Colombia | 2.6 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 22.6 | 27.6 | 29.3 | 28.7 | 30.5 |
Costa Rica | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 18.1 | 22.8 | 21.0 | 19.7 | 20.4 |
Czechia | .. | 5.9 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 7.6 | .. | 18.3 | 20.5 | 21.3 | 21.8 |
Denmark1 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 18.7 | 19.5 | 20.9 | 20.8 | 20.1 |
Estonia | .. | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 9.1 | .. | 27.1 | 25.7 | 26.7 | 27.3 |
Finland | 8.3 | 8.0 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 19.3 | 17.4 | 20.4 | 22.1 | 21.7 |
France1 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 18.4 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 15.4 | 16.4 |
Germany | 5.8 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 17.2 | 18.3 |
Greece | 6.2 | 6.3 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 24.6 | 18.9 | 22.0 | 20.1 | 20.9 |
Hungary | .. | 8.7 | 8.5 | 9.7 | 9.9 | .. | 22.5 | 23.0 | 27.1 | 29.3 |
Iceland | 8.7 | 10.2 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 28.4 | 28.5 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 24.4 |
Ireland | 6.6 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 20.4 | 22.9 | 21.7 | 17.2 | 18.5 |
Israel | .. | 7.2 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.5 | .. | 21.0 | 24.3 | 23.9 | 23.2 |
Italy | 5.3 | 6.2 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 6.6 | 14.7 | 15.4 | 14.5 | 14.1 | 15.7 |
Japan | 1.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 9.1 | 9.6 | 14.9 | 14.9 |
Korea | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 18.7 | 17.0 | 17.5 | 15.1 | 14.4 |
Latvia | .. | 6.9 | 6.6 | 8.4 | 8.6 | .. | 23.9 | 23.3 | 27.1 | 28.1 |
Lithuania1 | .. | 7.5 | 7.8 | 8.0 | 8.3 | .. | 24.4 | 27.5 | 25.8 | 26.0 |
Luxembourg1 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 6.2 | 5.7 | 5.9 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 17.3 | 14.9 | 15.4 |
Mexico | 3.2 | 2.8 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 26.1 | 24.7 | 29.4 | 23.8 | 25.2 |
Netherlands | 6.5 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 7.5 | 16.5 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 18.5 | 19.2 |
New Zealand | 8.1 | 8.1 | 9.3 | 10.3 | 10.1 | 22.4 | 24.9 | 30.7 | 30.6 | 29.3 |
Norway | 7.6 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 18.8 | 19.8 | 18.6 | 23.3 | 19.0 |
Poland1 | .. | 6.9 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 8.6 | .. | 21.0 | 24.2 | 22.4 | 23.3 |
Portugal | 5.2 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 19.6 | 24.5 | 24.8 | 23.8 | 25.2 |
Slovak Republic | .. | 6.8 | 6.1 | 7.3 | 7.5 | .. | 20.4 | 21.8 | 21.0 | 21.1 |
Slovenia1 | .. | 8.5 | 8.1 | 7.5 | 8.2 | .. | 22.7 | 21.3 | 20.2 | 21.7 |
Spain | 5.0 | 5.8 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 15.7 | 17.6 | 16.5 | 17.1 | 18.1 |
Sweden | 7.3 | 8.2 | 9.0 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 14.9 | 16.4 | 21.1 | 21.6 | 21.3 |
Switzerland1 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 12.7 | 11.3 | 11.3 |
Türkiye | 2.7 | 5.7 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 18.3 | 24.2 | 21.7 | 19.2 | 23.3 |
United Kingdom | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 7.0 | 16.9 | 18.1 | 18.9 | 20.2 | 20.3 |
United States | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
OECD Average | 5.1 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 17.0 | 19.6 | 20.5 | 20.2 | 20.7 |
Note: Full time series can be accessed at http://oe.cd/full-time-series. | ||||||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||||||
Table 3.15. Tax revenues of sub-sectors of general government as % of GDP | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Supranational | Central government | State or Regional government | Local government | Social Security Funds | |||||||||||
1975 | 1995 | 2021 | 1975 | 1995 | 2021 | 1975 | 1995 | 2021 | 1975 | 1995 | 2021 | 1975 | 1995 | 2021 | |
Federal countries | |||||||||||||||
Australia | .. | .. | .. | 20.3 | 21.9 | 23.7 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 4.9 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Austria1 | .. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 18.8 | 26.7 | 27.9 | 3.9 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 4.5 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 9.2 | 12.0 | 13.0 |
Belgium1 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 25.4 | 25.8 | 22.3 | .. | 0.8 | 4.3 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 11.2 | 13.8 | 13.6 |
Canada | .. | .. | .. | 14.8 | 13.5 | 14.1 | 10.1 | 12.8 | 13.4 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 4.8 | 3.2 |
Germany | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 11.5 | 11.4 | 11.1 | 7.6 | 7.9 | 9.7 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 11.7 | 14.1 | 14.8 |
Mexico | .. | .. | .. | .. | 7.5 | 13.9 | .. | 0.3 | 0.7 | .. | 0.2 | 0.3 | .. | 2.2 | 2.4 |
Switzerland1 | .. | .. | .. | 6.7 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 6.9 |
United States | .. | .. | .. | 11.2 | 11.0 | 11.2 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 3.8 | 5.0 | 6.7 | 6.1 |
Unweighted average | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 15.5 | 15.7 | 16.8 | 6.0 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
Regional countries | |||||||||||||||
Colombia2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 10.1 | 14.0 | .. | 0.9 | 1.0 | .. | 1.4 | 2.4 | .. | 3.6 | 1.9 |
Spain2 | .. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 8.6 | 16.0 | 15.2 | .. | 1.6 | 5.9 | 0.8 | 2.7 | 3.3 | 8.5 | 10.8 | 13.1 |
Unitary countries | |||||||||||||||
Chile | .. | .. | .. | .. | 16.3 | 19.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.2 | 1.6 | .. | 0.7 | 1.0 |
Costa Rica | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12.4 | 15.0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.3 | 0.7 | .. | 6.2 | 9.2 |
Czechia | .. | .. | 0.2 | .. | 19.9 | 17.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.3 | 0.3 | .. | 14.3 | 16.4 |
Denmark1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 25.6 | 31.7 | 35.1 | .. | .. | .. | 11.0 | 14.6 | 12.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Estonia | .. | .. | 0.2 | .. | 29.5 | 27.5 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.3 | 0.2 | .. | 5.2 | 5.5 |
Finland | .. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | .. | .. | .. | 8.5 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 7.4 | 13.7 | 12.0 |
France1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 17.9 | 18.0 | 13.9 | .. | .. | .. | 2.6 | 4.7 | 6.5 | 14.2 | 19.4 | 24.5 |
Greece | .. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 12.5 | 18.8 | 25.3 | .. | .. | .. | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 5.5 | 8.8 | 13.0 |
Hungary | .. | .. | 0.1 | .. | 26.0 | 21.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 1.0 | 1.7 | .. | 13.7 | 10.2 |
Iceland | .. | .. | .. | 24.0 | 24.3 | 24.6 | .. | .. | .. | 5.5 | 6.4 | 10.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Ireland | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 21.6 | 26.4 | 17.5 | .. | .. | .. | 2.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 2.8 |
Israel | .. | .. | .. | .. | 26.9 | 24.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.4 | 2.7 | .. | 4.7 | 5.0 |
Italy | .. | 0.1 | 0.2 | 13.0 | 24.1 | 24.4 | .. | .. | .. | 0.2 | 2.1 | 4.6 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 13.2 |
Japan | .. | .. | .. | 9.0 | 10.5 | 13.0 | .. | .. | .. | 5.1 | 6.4 | 7.7 | 5.7 | 8.5 | 13.3 |
Korea | .. | .. | .. | 13.2 | 13.0 | 16.5 | .. | .. | .. | 1.5 | 3.5 | 5.4 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 7.8 |
Latvia | .. | .. | 0.2 | .. | 12.9 | 15.8 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 5.8 | 5.3 | .. | 11.0 | 9.2 |
Lithuania1 | .. | .. | 0.3 | .. | 19.8 | 21.2 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.6 | 0.3 | .. | 7.2 | 10.2 |
Luxembourg1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 20.7 | 23.9 | 26.2 | .. | .. | .. | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 10.3 |
Netherlands | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 22.2 | 20.9 | 24.4 | .. | .. | .. | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 14.5 | 14.7 | 12.9 |
New Zealand | .. | .. | .. | 27.7 | 33.7 | 32.4 | .. | .. | .. | 2.3 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Norway | .. | .. | .. | 19.7 | 22.7 | 35.7 | .. | .. | .. | 8.7 | 7.9 | 6.7 | 10.5 | 8.8 | 0.0 |
Poland1 | .. | .. | 0.2 | .. | 22.4 | 19.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 3.1 | 4.4 | .. | 11.1 | 13.0 |
Portugal | .. | 0.2 | 0.2 | 12.3 | 20.0 | 22.6 | .. | .. | .. | 0.0 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 10.0 |
Slovak Republic | .. | .. | 0.1 | .. | 24.7 | 19.7 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 0.5 | 0.7 | .. | 14.2 | 14.8 |
Slovenia1 | .. | .. | 0.2 | .. | 19.8 | 18.3 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.4 | 3.3 | .. | 16.9 | 16.2 |
Sweden | .. | 0.2 | 0.1 | 19.7 | 21.1 | 22.3 | .. | .. | .. | 11.2 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 7.5 | 9.8 | 5.2 |
Türkiye | .. | .. | .. | .. | 12.3 | 14.1 | .. | .. | .. | .. | 2.1 | 2.2 | .. | 2.0 | 6.5 |
United Kingdom | 0.3 | 0.3 | .. | 24.1 | 22.7 | 25.7 | .. | .. | .. | 3.8 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 6.0 | 5.2 | 6.8 |
Unweighted average | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 19.0 | 21.3 | 22.0 | .. | .. | .. | 4.1 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 6.4 | 8.2 | 8.9 |
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | |||||||||||||||
← 2. Colombia and Spain are not constitutionally federal countries, but both have a highly decentralised political structure, with high autonomy of their territorial entities. | |||||||||||||||
Table 3.16. Main central government taxes as % of total tax revenues of central government, 2021 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000 Income & profits | 2000 Social security3 | 3000 Payroll | 4000 Property | 5000 Goods and services | 6000 Others | |
Federal countries | ||||||
Australia | 76.5 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 23.3 | 0.0 |
Austria1 | 44.5 | 7.8 | 5.5 | 1.5 | 40.1 | 0.5 |
Belgium1 | 56.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 41.5 | 0.0 |
Canada | 73.7 | 6.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.5 | 0.0 |
Germany | 45.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 53.7 | 0.0 |
Mexico | 53.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45.3 | 1.5 |
Switzerland1 | 47.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 50.0 | 0.1 |
United States | 92.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 6.7 | 0.0 |
Unweighted average | 61.2 | 1.8 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 35.0 | 0.3 |
Regional countries | ||||||
Colombia2 | 43.9 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 6.6 | 46.8 | 0.3 |
Spain2 | 42.5 | 1.9 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 55.2 | 0.1 |
Unitary countries | ||||||
Chile | 43.1 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 55.5 | -1.7 |
Costa Rica | 34.3 | 7.8 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 55.5 | 1.4 |
Czechia | 40.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 59.4 | 0.0 |
Denmark1 | 58.7 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.6 | 38.8 | 0.0 |
Estonia | 30.3 | 22.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 47.4 | 0.0 |
Finland | 29.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.5 | 66.9 | 0.2 |
France1 | 45.3 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 8.4 | 39.9 | 0.2 |
Greece | 32.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 8.1 | 59.6 | 0.0 |
Hungary | 25.2 | 2.1 | 4.9 | 2.5 | 65.5 | -0.2 |
Iceland | 37.0 | 12.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 46.8 | 1.7 |
Ireland | 58.9 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 4.9 | 33.0 | 0.0 |
Israel | 46.7 | 0.0 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 43.9 | 0.0 |
Italy | 51.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.9 | 42.5 | 0.0 |
Japan | 54.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.2 | 40.2 | 0.0 |
Korea | 53.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.7 | 32.9 | 1.5 |
Latvia | 14.4 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 82.5 | 0.0 |
Lithuania1 | 45.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 54.9 | 0.0 |
Luxembourg1 | 50.5 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 14.9 | 33.4 | 0.1 |
Netherlands | 50.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 45.2 | 0.5 |
New Zealand | 62.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 37.5 | 0.0 |
Norway | 41.5 | 26.7 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 30.1 | 0.0 |
Poland1 | 26.7 | 0.0 | 2.9 | 0.0 | 70.5 | 0.0 |
Portugal | 38.7 | 4.5 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 55.0 | 0.9 |
Slovak Republic | 38.8 | 2.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 59.1 | 0.0 |
Slovenia1 | 29.4 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 69.4 | 0.0 |
Sweden | 4.6 | 16.9 | 23.0 | 2.6 | 52.8 | 0.2 |
Türkiye | 34.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.9 | 60.2 | 0.7 |
United Kingdom | 50.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 8.3 | 40.9 | 0.0 |
Unweighted average | 40.3 | 3.7 | 1.5 | 3.6 | 50.7 | 0.2 |
Note: Excluding social security contributions accruing to social security funds. | ||||||
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||
← 2. Colombia and Spain are not constitutionally federal countries, but both have a highly decentralised political structure, with high autonomy of their territorial entities. | ||||||
← 3. These comprise only social security contributions accruing to central government. | ||||||
Table 3.17. Main state government taxes as % of total tax revenues of state government, 2021 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000 Income & profits | 2000 Social security | 3000 Payroll | 4000 Property | 5000 Goods and services | 6000 Others | |
Federal countries | ||||||
Australia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 25.2 | 47.4 | 27.4 | 0.0 |
38.7 | 12.1 | 32.6 | 1.3 | 12.6 | 2.7 | |
41.8 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 42.8 | 14.3 | 0.0 | |
Canada | 51.2 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 5.8 | 33.2 | 0.0 |
Germany2 | 50.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 8.4 | 41.0 | 0.0 |
Mexico | 0.0 | 0.0 | 64.0 | 16.5 | 13.9 | 5.6 |
Switzerland1 | 75.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18.1 | 6.0 | 0.7 |
United States | 44.5 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 51.7 | 0.0 |
Unweighted average | 37.7 | 2.2 | 16.0 | 18.0 | 25.0 | 1.1 |
Regional countries | ||||||
Colombia3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 72.1 | 27.9 |
70.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 20.9 | 8.4 | 0.0 | |
Unitary countries | ||||||
Chile | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Costa Rica | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Czechia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Denmark | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Estonia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Finland | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
France | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Greece | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Hungary | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Iceland | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Ireland | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Israel | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Italy | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Japan | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Korea | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Latvia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Lithuania | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Luxembourg | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Netherlands | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
New Zealand | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Norway | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Poland | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Portugal | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Slovak Republic | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Slovenia | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Sweden | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Türkiye | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
United Kingdom | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
Unweighted average | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. | .. |
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate. | ||||||
← 2. Payments to the European Union are excluded from these comparisons. | ||||||
← 3. Colombia and Spain are not constitutionally federal countries, but both have a highly decentralised political structure, with high autonomy of their territorial entities. | ||||||
Table 3.18. Main local government taxes as % of total tax revenues of local government, 2021 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1000 Income & profits | 2000 Social security | 3000 Payroll | 4000 Property | 5000 Goods and services | 6000 Others | |
Federal countries | ||||||
Australia | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
0.0 | 4.3 | 73.2 | 14.8 | 6.1 | 1.5 | |
32.4 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 60.5 | 6.9 | 0.0 | |
Canada | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 97.1 | 1.7 | 1.2 |
Germany2 | 81.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.7 | 8.0 | 0.2 |
Mexico | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 77.0 | 0.8 | 22.2 |
Switzerland1 | 80.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 17.5 | 0.6 | 1.9 |
United States | 5.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 71.6 | 22.5 | 0.0 |
Unweighted average | 24.9 | 0.6 | 9.2 | 56.2 | 5.8 | 3.4 |
Regional countries | ||||||
Colombia3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 32.0 | 45.3 | 22.7 |
18.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 43.8 | 37.8 | 0.1 | |
Unitary countries | ||||||
Chile | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 45.3 | 54.7 | 0.0 |
Costa Rica | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 49.0 | 51.0 | 0.0 |
Czechia2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 58.8 | 41.2 | 0.0 |
89.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | |
Estonia2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 80.8 | 19.2 | 0.0 |
Finland2 | 92.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
0.0 | 0.0 | 6.0 | 40.8 | 47.5 | 5.6 | |
Greece2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 94.1 | 5.9 | 0.0 |
Hungary2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 19.2 | 80.8 | 0.0 |
Iceland | 80.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 17.0 | 2.7 | 0.0 |
Ireland2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Israel | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 96.3 | 3.7 | 0.0 |
Italy2 | 20.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 22.5 | 30.4 | 27.1 |
Japan | 49.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 26.1 | 23.8 | 1.1 |
Korea | 17.8 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 47.0 | 26.5 | 7.1 |
Latvia2 | 86.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12.8 | 0.5 | 0.0 |
Lithuania1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 83.5 | 16.5 | 0.0 |
92.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | |
Netherlands2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 54.6 | 45.4 | 0.0 |
New Zealand | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 88.9 | 11.1 | 0.0 |
Norway | 88.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 10.8 | 0.6 | 0.0 |
65.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 29.4 | 3.8 | 1.1 | |
Portugal2 | 24.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 50.9 | 25.0 | 0.2 |
Slovak Republic2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 66.7 | 33.3 | 0.0 |
77.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 18.4 | 4.3 | 0.0 | |
Sweden2 | 97.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Türkiye | 30.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 12.8 | 50.9 | 6.2 |
United Kingdom2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 100.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
Unweighted average | 32.5 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 44.8 | 20.7 | 1.7 |
← 1. The capital transfers were subtracted directly from the specific taxes to which they relate, except for France, where the capital transfers have been allocated between tax headings in proportion to the reported tax revenue. | ||||||
← 2. Payments to the European Union are excluded from these comparisons. | ||||||
← 3. Colombia and Spain are not constitutionally federal countries, but both have a highly decentralised political structure, with high autonomy of their territorial entities. | ||||||
Table 3.19. Gross domestic product for tax reporting years at market prices, in billions of national currency | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1965 | 1990 | 2000 | 2007 | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022p | ||
Australia1 | AUD | 24.4 | 415.3 | 706.9 | 1 179.2 | 1 418.4 | 1 657.5 | 1 979.5 | 2 080.4 | 2 308.0 | 2 530.9 |
Austria | EUR | 18.5 | 137.5 | 213.6 | 284.0 | 295.9 | 344.3 | 397.2 | 381.0 | 406.1 | 447.1 |
Belgium | EUR | 20.9 | 170.1 | 256.4 | 343.6 | 363.1 | 416.7 | 478.7 | 459.8 | 502.5 | 549.5 |
Canada | CAD | 61.3 | 696.1 | 1 125.5 | 1 577.7 | 1 666.0 | 1 990.4 | 2 313.6 | 2 209.7 | 2 509.6 | 2 782.6 |
Chile | CLP | .. | 10 594.8 | 42 215.0 | 90 159.5 | 110 777.9 | 158 622.9 | 195 752.2 | 201 428.9 | 240 371.5 | 262 593.4 |
Colombia | COP | .. | 22 731.4 | 195 108.6 | 428 506.0 | 544 060.0 | 804 692.0 | 1 060 068.0 | 997 742.0 | 1 192 586.0 | 1 463 873.1 |
Costa Rica2 | CRC | .. | 525.3 | 4 627.1 | 13 889.1 | 19 802.0 | 30 171.9 | 37 832.1 | 36 495.2 | 40 112.9 | 44 251.7 |
Czechia | CZK | .. | 731.2 | 2 386.3 | 3 859.5 | 3 992.9 | 4 625.4 | 5 791.5 | 5 709.1 | 6 108.7 | 6 785.9 |
Denmark | DKK | 71.5 | 855.6 | 1 326.9 | 1 738.8 | 1 810.9 | 2 036.4 | 2 311.0 | 2 320.9 | 2 550.6 | 2 831.6 |
Estonia | EUR | .. | .. | 6.2 | 16.4 | 14.7 | 20.6 | 27.8 | 27.5 | 31.4 | 36.2 |
Finland | EUR | 4.5 | 91.0 | 136.4 | 187.1 | 188.1 | 211.4 | 239.9 | 238.0 | 250.9 | 268.6 |
France | EUR | 76.4 | 1 053.5 | 1 478.6 | 1 941.4 | 1 995.3 | 2 198.4 | 2 437.6 | 2 310.5 | 2 500.9 | 2 642.7 |
Germany | EUR | 234.8 | 1 306.7 | 2 109.1 | 2 499.6 | 2 564.4 | 3 026.2 | 3 474.1 | 3 403.7 | 3 617.5 | 3 876.8 |
Greece | EUR | 0.7 | 45.5 | 141.2 | 232.7 | 224.1 | 176.4 | 183.4 | 165.4 | 181.7 | 208.0 |
Hungary | HUF | .. | .. | 13 324.1 | 25 741.9 | 27 485.1 | 34 965.2 | 47 674.2 | 48 425.4 | 55 255.1 | 66 615.9 |
Iceland | ISK | 0.2 | 377.0 | 709.6 | 1 387.0 | 1 681.0 | 2 310.8 | 3 023.9 | 2 918.8 | 3 244.9 | 3 766.4 |
Ireland | EUR | 1.3 | 37.9 | 108.5 | 197.1 | 167.4 | 263.5 | 356.4 | 375.2 | 434.1 | 506.3 |
Israel | ILS | .. | 124.8 | 555.4 | 756.2 | 893.3 | 1 176.6 | 1 424.6 | 1 417.3 | 1 581.9 | 1 763.8 |
Italy | EUR | 22.4 | 730.9 | 1 241.5 | 1 614.8 | 1 611.3 | 1 655.4 | 1 796.6 | 1 661.2 | 1 822.3 | 1 946.5 |
Japan1 | JPY | 35 751.0 | 472 523.8 | 537 614.3 | 538 485.4 | 504 873.8 | 540 740.9 | 556 783.0 | 537 889.7 | 551 434.4 | 562 707.7 |
Korea3 | KRW | 831.4 | 200 556.2 | 651 634.4 | 1 089 660.2 | 1 322 611.2 | 1 658 020.4 | 1 924 498.1 | 1 940 726.2 | 2 080 198.5 | 2 161 773.9 |
Latvia | EUR | .. | .. | 6.9 | 22.7 | 18.1 | 24.6 | 30.7 | 30.3 | 33.6 | 39.1 |
Lithuania | EUR | .. | .. | 13.4 | 29.0 | 28.0 | 37.3 | 48.9 | 49.8 | 56.2 | 66.8 |
Luxembourg | EUR | 1.0 | 10.6 | 23.0 | 37.6 | 42.4 | 54.1 | 62.4 | 64.5 | 72.4 | 77.5 |
Mexico | MXN | .. | 843.6 | 6 693.7 | 11 504.1 | 13 366.4 | 18 572.1 | 24 445.7 | 23 430.4 | 25 803.5 | 28 463.8 |
Netherlands | EUR | 35.6 | 263.0 | 452.0 | 619.2 | 639.2 | 690.0 | 813.1 | 796.5 | 870.6 | 958.5 |
New Zealand1 | NZD | 4.1 | 75.9 | 122.2 | 188.8 | 205.7 | 258.8 | 317.3 | 343.0 | 363.7 | 395.9 |
Norway | NOK | 57.2 | 749.9 | 1 509.1 | 2 360.2 | 2 605.4 | 3 130.2 | 3 596.9 | 3 461.6 | 4 211.6 | 5 570.7 |
Poland | PLN | .. | 62.7 | 748.5 | 1 187.5 | 1 434.4 | 1 798.5 | 2 288.5 | 2 337.7 | 2 631.3 | 3 078.3 |
Portugal | EUR | 0.6 | 56.0 | 128.4 | 175.5 | 179.6 | 179.7 | 214.4 | 200.5 | 214.7 | 239.2 |
Slovak Republic | EUR | .. | 10.0 | 31.7 | 63.2 | 68.8 | 80.1 | 94.4 | 93.4 | 100.3 | 109.7 |
Slovenia | EUR | .. | 0.9 | 18.9 | 35.1 | 36.4 | 38.9 | 48.6 | 47.0 | 52.3 | 57.0 |
Spain | EUR | 8.7 | 328.7 | 647.9 | 1 075.5 | 1 072.7 | 1 078.1 | 1 245.5 | 1 119.0 | 1 222.3 | 1 346.4 |
Sweden | SEK | 129.3 | 1 549.8 | 2 408.2 | 3 320.3 | 3 573.6 | 4 260.5 | 5 049.6 | 5 038.5 | 5 486.6 | 5 979.4 |
Switzerland | CHF | 70.1 | 369.2 | 471.5 | 589.1 | 624.5 | 668.0 | 716.9 | 694.7 | 731.7 | 771.2 |
Türkiye | TRY | 0.0 | 0.5 | 171.5 | 887.7 | 1 167.7 | 2 350.9 | 4 311.7 | 5 048.2 | 7 248.8 | 15 006.6 |
United Kingdom | GBP | 36.4 | 615.7 | 1 101.1 | 1 545.8 | 1 612.4 | 1 921.0 | 2 238.3 | 2 109.6 | 2 270.2 | 2 491.2 |
United States | USD | 709.0 | 5 963.1 | 10 251.0 | 14 474.2 | 15 049.0 | 18 206.0 | 21 381.0 | 21 060.5 | 23 315.1 | 25 462.7 |
← 1. GDP is fiscal year. The year Y is calculated as the sum of: Q2(Y) to Q1(Y+1) for Japan; and Q3(Y) to Q2(Y+1) for Australia and New Zealand. | |||||||||||
← 2. The GDP shown for 1990 in Costa Rica is taken from the IMF (World Economic Outlook Database, accessed in October 2023). The GDP for all other years is taken from the OECD National Accounts. | |||||||||||
← 3. The GDP shown for 2022 in Korea is taken from the OECD National Accounts, accessed in October 2023, and is a provisional value. | |||||||||||
Source: OECD National Accounts, accessed in October 2023. | |||||||||||
Table 3.20. Exchange rates used, national currency per US dollar at market exchange rates | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1965 | 1990 | 2000 | 2007 | 2010 | 2015 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022p | ||
Australia | AUD | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Austria | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Belgium | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Canada | CAD | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 |
Chile | CLP | 0.0 | 304.9 | 539.4 | 522.2 | 510.0 | 654.3 | 703.3 | 791.7 | 759.8 | 873.3 |
Colombia | COP | 10.5 | 502.3 | 2 087.6 | 2 077.7 | 1 899.8 | 2 744.5 | 3 281.1 | 3 695.6 | 3 744.3 | 4 258.6 |
Costa Rica | CRC | 6.6 | 91.6 | 307.4 | 517.2 | 521.9 | 534.6 | 587.0 | 584.7 | 621.4 | 644.8 |
Czechia | CZK | .. | .. | 38.6 | 20.3 | 19.1 | 24.6 | 22.9 | 23.2 | 21.7 | 23.4 |
Denmark | DKK | 6.9 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 7.1 |
Estonia | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Finland | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
France | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Germany | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Greece | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Hungary | HUF | .. | 63.2 | 282.3 | 183.6 | 207.8 | 279.2 | 290.6 | 308.0 | 303.2 | 372.6 |
Iceland | ISK | 0.4 | 58.4 | 78.8 | 64.1 | 122.2 | 131.9 | 122.6 | 135.4 | 127.0 | 135.3 |
Ireland | EUR | 0.5 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Israel | ILS | 0.0 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.4 |
Italy | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Japan | JPY | 361.7 | 142.2 | 111.2 | 114.2 | 85.7 | 118.0 | 108.5 | 107.5 | 115.2 | 131.4 |
Korea | KRW | 266.3 | 708.0 | 1 130.6 | 929.5 | 1 155.4 | 1 131.3 | 1 165.3 | 1 180.1 | 1 144.5 | 1 291.4 |
Latvia | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Lithuania | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Luxembourg | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Mexico | MXN | 0.0 | 2.8 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 12.6 | 15.9 | 19.2 | 21.4 | 20.2 | 20.1 |
Netherlands | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
New Zealand | NZD | 0.7 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 |
Norway | NOK | 7.2 | 6.3 | 8.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 | 8.1 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 8.6 | 9.6 |
Poland | PLN | 0.0 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.5 |
Portugal | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Slovak Republic | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Slovenia | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Spain | EUR | .. | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 |
Sweden | SEK | 5.2 | 5.9 | 9.2 | 6.8 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 9.5 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 10.1 |
Switzerland | CHF | 4.3 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
Türkiye | TRY | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 2.7 | 5.7 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 16.6 |
United Kingdom | GBP | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
United States | USD | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Source: OECD Financial indicators data. | |||||||||||
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