Acronyms and abbreviations

AI

Artificial intelligence

AMC

Advanced market commitment

ASD

Autism spectrum disorder

BEPS

Base erosion and profit shifting

BERD

Business enterprise expenditure on R&D

DBTL

Design-Build-Test-Learn

DSTI

Directorate for Science, Technology and Innovation

ERA

European Research Area

FDI

Foreign direct investment

GAVI

Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

GDP

Gross domestic product

GERD

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development

GFC

Global financial crisis

GISAID

Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data

GPG

Global public goods

GTARD

Government tax relief for R&D expenditures

GVC

Global value chains

HFEA

Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus

IATT

Inter-agency Task Team

ICB

Industry Classification Benchmark

ICT

Information and communication technology

ICTSD

International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development

IDRC

International Development Research Centre

IFR

International Federation of Robotics

IFRS

International Financial Reporting Standards

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IP

Intellectual property

IPR

Intellectual property rights

JEDI

Joint European Disruption Initiative

MERS

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome

MLP

Multi-level perspective

MOIP

Mission-oriented innovation policies

mRNA

Messenger ribonucleic acid

NASA

National Aeronautics Space Administration

OCTS-OEI

Observatorio Iberoamericano de la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Sociedad (OCTS) de la Organización de Estados Iberoamericanos (OEI)

ODA

Official development assistance

PCT

Patent Cooperation Treaty

R&D

Research and development

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

SLS

Swiss Light Source

STI

Science, technology and innovation

TDR

Transdisciplinary research

TFM

Technology Facilitation Mechanism

USPTO

United States Patent and Trademark Office

UV

Ultra-violet

VC

Venture capital

WFH

Working from home

WHO

World Health Organization

WTO

World Trade Organization

SMEs

Small and medium-sized enterprises

STEM

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics